Table 2 Univariate analysis of OS and PFS in all patients pre- and post-GKRS
From: Efficacy and indications of gamma knife radiosurgery for recurrent low-and high-grade glioma
Characteristics | Number of patients (%) | Median PFS (95% CI) p-value | Median OS (95% CI) p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | 0.458 | 0.425 |
Female | 58(54.2) | 7.0(1.4-12.6) | 21.0(8.5-33.5) |
Male | 49(65.8) | 6.0(2.6-9.4) | 14.0(9.8-18.1) |
Pathological grade | Â | 0.018 | 0.000 |
LGG | 39(36.4) | 13.0(1.1-24.9) | 49.0(22.7-75.3) |
HGG | 68(63.6) | 5.5(3.4-7.6) | 11.0(6.6-15.4) |
Adjuvant treatment after first surgery | Â | 0.808 | 0.877 |
Chemoradiotherapy | 51(47.7) | 6.5(3.9-9.1) | 11.0(5.3-16.7) |
EBRT | 25(23.4) | 12.0(1.4-22.6) | 17.0(0.7-33.3) |
TMZ | 5(4.7) | 5.5(4.4-6.6) | 18.0(11.6-24.4) |
GKRS | 10(9.3) | 8.0(0.0-22.7) | 33.5(18.1-48.8) |
None | 16(15.0) | 5.0(0.0-24.6) | 12.5(3.3-21.7) |
Age at GKRS procedure | Â | 0.938 | 0.804 |
≥50 years | 58 (54.2) | 8.0(5.2-10.8) | 18.0(11.1-24.9) |
<50 years | 49(45.8) | 6.5(0.1-12.9) | 13.2(4.0-22.4) |
Recurrence time interval | Â | 0.034 | 0.012 |
≥15 months | 54(50.5) | 12.0(6.1-17.9) | 23.0(8.7-37.2) |
<15 months | 53(49.5) | 5.0(3.5-6.7) | 14.0(8.0-20.0) |
Surgery for recurrence | Â | 0.013 | 0.002 |
Yes | 27(25.2) | 17.5(0.0-43.8) | 52.0(2.9-101.1) |
No | 80(74.8) | 5.5(3.6-7.4) | 14.0(7.7-20.8) |
KPS | Â | 0.004 | 0.000 |
≥80 | 48(44.9) | 14.0(6.1-21.9) | 40.0(16.1-63.9) |
<80 | 59(55.1) | 4.5(3.7-5.3) | 10.0(7.9-12.1) |
Number of targets | Â | 0.130 | 0.008 |
Single | 45(42.1) | 12.0(4.8-19.2) | 24.0(3.7-44.3) |
Multiple | 62(57.9) | 5.0(2.2-7.8) | 11.0(6.6-15.4) |
Total volume of target | Â | 0.624 | 0.544 |
≥18.5 cm3 | 51(47.7) | 7.0(4.0-10.0) | 14.3(5.7-22.9) |
<18.5 cm3 | 49(52.3) | 7.0(0.7-13.3) | 21.0(9.7-32.3) |
Maximum dose | Â | 0.255 | 0.122 |
≥24.5 Gy | 53(49.5) | 13.0(6.9-19.1) | 22.0(15.0-29.0) |
<24.5Â Gy | 54(50.5) | 4.5(3.5-6.5) | 12.0(7.7-16.3) |
Marginal dose | Â | 0.300 | 0.165 |
≥12.5 Gy | 54(50.5) | 12.0(5.9-18.1) | 22.0(14.0-30.0) |
<12.5Â Gy | 53(49.5) | 5.0(2.7-7.3) | 12.0(8.2-16.7) |
Two or more GKRS | Â | 0.031 | 0.001 |
Yes | 36(33.6) | 13.0(9.0-17.0) | 33.5(1.8-65.2) |
No | 71(66.4) | 5.0(2.9-7.1) | 10.5(7.7-13.3) |
Target location | Â | 0.000 | 0.000 |
In or adjacent field | 63(58.9) | 13.0(8.1-18.0) | 26.0(18.9-33.1) |
Out of field | 44(41.1) | 4.0(2.3-5.7) | 8.0(4.8-11.2) |
Site of recurrence | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | 0.889 | 0.629 |
Frontal | 52(48.6) | 7.0(4.2-9.8) | 21.0(14.4-27.6) |
Others | 55(51.4) | 8.0(0.0-17.5) | 11.0(6.1-15.9) |
| Â | Â | 0.496 | 0.299 |
Temporal | 40(37.4) | 8.0(0.0-18.0) | 9.0(2.9-15.1) |
Others | 67(62.6) | 6.5(4.0-9.0) | 21.0(13.5-28.5) |
| Â | Â | 0.416 | 0.687 |
Occipital | 10(9.3) | 14.0(0.0-33.3) | 11.0(7.2-14.8) |
Others | 97(90.7) | 6.5(3.8-9.2) | 18.0(10.9-25.1) |
| Â | Â | 0.804 | 0.390 |
Parietal | 15(14.1) | 12.5(3.0-22.0) | 18.5(0.0-48.2) |
Others | 92(85.9) | 7.0(4.0-10.0) | 17.0(9.8-24.2) |
| Â | Â | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Brainstem | 3(2.8) | 1.5(0.7-2.3) | 3.0(1.4-4.6) |
Others | 104(97.2) | 8.0(3.2-12.8) | 18.0(11.1-24.9) |
| Â | Â | 0.032 | 0.000 |
Encephalocoele | 14(13.1) | 2.0(0.0-5.5) | 8.0(4.6-11.4) |
Others | 93(86.9) | 8.0(2.9-13.1) | 21.0(13.2-28.8) |
Left or right side of the brain | Â | 0.001 | 0.007 |
Left | 40(37.4) | 7.0(0.0-17.9) | 14.3(7.0-21.0) |
Right | 44(41.1) | 12.0(6.4-17.6) | 39.0(15.0-63.0) |
Bilateral | 23(21.5) | 4.5(1.6-7.4) | 10.5(7.3-13.6) |
Bevacizumab used after recurrence | Â | 0.360 | 0.633 |
Yes | 14(13.1) | 8.0(2.7-13.3) | 10.0(0.0-23.9) |
No | 93(86.9) | 7.0(2.9-11.0) | 18.0(9.4-26.6) |