Fig. 1
The relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer development. Tumor cells secret various cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators, recruiting a large number of immunosuppressive cells (e.g. M2-tumour-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs), N2-tumor-associated neutrophils (N2-TANs)). These immunosuppressive cells provide a rich proangiogenic and pro-tumoral microenvironment, and prevent the innate immunity and T-cell anti-tumor immunity. Immune cells (e.g. T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes) secrete cytokines and antibodies to play an anti-tumor role