Table 4 Association between patients’ characteristics and health-related quality of life

Tumor site (ref = other tumor sites)

 Oral

0.08 (-0.06 to 0.22)

0.279

0.08 (-0.05 to 0.21)

0.229

 Breast

0.14 (0.02 to 0.26)

0.025

0.09 (-0.04 to 0.21)

0.160

 Lung

-0.20 (-0.37 to -0.02)

0.029

-0.13 (-0.28 to 0.02)

0.090

 Blood

-0.16 (-0.52 to 0.21)

0.399

-0.15 (-0.46 to 0.16)

0.353

 Pancreas

0.14 (-0.13 to 0.41)

0.301

0.16 (-0.07 to 0.40)

0.166

 Liver

-0.16 (-0.44 to 0.12)

0.262

-0.16 (-0.39 to 0.08)

0.197

 Cervix

0.05 (-0.07 to 0.17)

0.429

0.08 (-0.04 to 0.19)

0.197

 Brain

-0.36 (-0.80 to 0.09)

0.114

-0.23 (-0.59 to 0.14)

0.221

 Throat

-0.20 (-0.53 to 0.13)

0.242

-0.03 (-0.31 to 0.25)

0.824

Tumor stage (ref = Stage-0)

 Stage-I

-0.19 (-0.40 to 0.02)

0.073

-0.11 (-0.30 to 0.08)

0.252

 Stage-II

-0.20 (-0.41 to 0.01)

0.061

-0.17 (-0.37 to 0.02)

0.086

 Stage-III

-0.13 (-0.35 to 0.09)

0.231

-0.12 (-0.33 to 0.09)

0.260

 Stage-IV

-0.45 (-0.76 to -0.13)

0.005

-0.49 (-0.75 to -0.22)

<0.001

Ongoing treatment facility: private facility (ref = public facility)

0.27 (0.17 to 0.38)

<0.001

0.35 (0.23 to 0.48)

<0.001

Received COVID-19 vaccine (ref = no)

0.09 (-0.01 to 0.19)

0.081

0.05 (-0.04 to 0.14)

0.252

Smoking status (ref = no)

-0.05 (-0.15 to 0.05)

0.348

0.11 (-0.01 to 0.23)

0.076

Smokeless tobacco use (ref = no)

-0.03 (-0.12 to 0.05)

0.454

-0.01 (-0.09 to 0.07)

0.775

Physical activity: > 150 min per week (ref = yes)

-0.43 (-0.54 to -0.32)

<0.001

-0.41 (-0.51 to -0.30)

<0.001

BMI (ref = healthy weight: 18.50 to 24.99)

 Underweight: < 18.49

-0.21 (-0.35 to -0.07)

0.004

-0.06 (-0.19 to 0.06)

0.323

 Overweight: 25.00 to 29.99

0.21 (0.10 to 0.31)

<0.001

0.13 (0.03 to 0.22)

0.012

 Obese: ≥ 30

0.12 (-0.03 to 0.27)

0.121

0.07 (-0.07 to 0.21)

0.344

Urban community (ref = rural)

0.06 (-0.07 to 0.19)

0.346

-0.03 (-0.15 to 0.08)

0.563

Family size (ref =  < 4 members)

 4 to 5 members

-0.04 (-0.17 to 0.09)

0.581

-0.04 (-0.16 to 0.08)

0.520

  ≥ 6 members

-0.10 (-0.24 to 0.04)

0.146

-0.06 (-0.19 to 0.06)

0.317

Occupation (ref = unemployed)

 Employed

0.28 (0.09 to 0.47)

0.004

0.07 (-0.11 to 0.25)

0.423

 Businessmen

0.40 (0.23 to 0.57)

<0.001

0.18 (0.01 to 0.35)

0.040

 Housewife

0.29 (0.17 to 0.41)

<0.001

0.10 (-0.04 to 0.23)

0.168

 Informal worker

0.17 (-0.03 to 0.37)

0.092

0.11 (-0.07 to 0.29)

0.221

 Students

0.08 (-0.26 to 0.42)

0.644

0.05 (-0.30 to 0.39)

0.784

 Other occupations

0.14 (-0.02 to 0.30)

0.076

0.08 (-0.07 to 0.22)

0.297

Income quintile (ref = Q5: 20% highest)

 Q1 (20% lowest)

-0.26 (-0.37 to -0.14)

<0.001

-0.14 (-0.25 to -0.03)

0.016

 Q2

-0.33 (-0.53 to -0.14)

0.001

-0.31 (-0.49 to -0.14)

<0.001

 Q3

-0.11 (-0.24 to 0.02)

0.089

-0.03 (-0.15 to 0.09)

0.656

 Q4

-0.13 (-0.25 to -0.01)

0.045

-0.07 (-0.18 to 0.04)

0.203

Age, years (ref = 18 to 35 years)

 36 to 45

0.19 (0.03 to 0.35)

0.021

0.19 (0.05 to 0.34)

0.010

 46 to 64

0.17 (0.02 to 0.32)

0.027

0.20 (0.06 to 0.34)

0.006

  > 64

0.17 (0.01 to 0.34)

0.038

0.25 (0.09 to 0.41)

0.002

Female patients (ref = male)

0.11 (0.02 to 0.20)

0.013

0.09 (-0.07 to 0.25)

0.258

Marital status (ref = never married)

 Married

0.19 (-0.07 to 0.45)

0.157

-0.23 (-0.50 to 0.05)

0.103

 Widowed/divorced/seperated

0.12 (-0.18 to 0.43)

0.434

-0.25 (-0.55 to 0.05)

0.106

Education (ref = tertiary)

 No education

-0.18 (-0.37 to 0.01)

0.059

-0.11 (-0.30 to 0.08)

0.263

 Primary

-0.09 (-0.28 to 0.11)

0.383

0.01 (-0.17 to 0.20)

0.914

 Secondary

-0.10 (-0.31 to 0.10)

0.319

-0.06 (-0.25 to 0.13)

0.520

 Higher secondary

-0.09 (-0.32 to 0.14)

0.451

-0.02 (-0.23 to 0.18)

0.814