Table 3 The comparison of EQ-5D-5L utility scores by tumor stages

Tumor site

 Oral

0.61 (0.24)

(0.55 to 0.67)

0.68 (0.21)

0.60 (0.25)

0.63 (0.18)

0.74 (0.16)

0.47 (0.39)

 Breast

0.65 (0.25)

(0.60 to 0.69)

na

0.68 (0.24)

0.61 (0.25)

0.67 (0.24)

0.61 (0.37)

 Lung

0.46 (0.35)

(0.38 to 0.55)

0.24 (0.22)

0.50 (0.37)

0.44 (0.35)

0.48 (0.32)

0.34 (0.70)

 Blood

0.48 (0.32)

(0.30 to 0.66)

0.63 (0.19)

0.23 (0.60)

0.39 (0.39)

0.63 (0.06)

na

 Pancreas

0.65 (0.39)

(0.43 to 0.86)

0.86 (0.19)

0.70 (0.26)

0.81 (0.12)

0.78 (0.20)

0.20 (0.64)

 Liver

0.48 (0.32)

(0.34 to 0.62)

0.41 (0.22)

0.48 (0.34)

0.40 (0.41)

0.64 (0.16)

0.59 (0.21)

 Cervix

0.59 (0.31)

(0.54 to 0.65)

0.73 (0.24)

0.60 (0.30)

0.51 (0.34)

0.68 (0.25)

0.63 (0.31)

 Brain

0.40 (0.36)

(0.19 to 0.60)

0.84 (0.23)

0.39 (0.38)

0.35 (0.35)

0.35 (0.47)

na

 Throat

0.46 (0.33)

(0.30 to 0.63)

0.85 (0.01)

0.54 (0.33)

0.43 (0.33)

0.06 (0.15)

0.30 (0.31)

 Other tumor sites

0.56 (0.32)

(0.52 to 0.61)

0.81 (0.15)

0.53 (0.34)

0.62 (0.27)

0.57 (0.32)

0.22 (0.36)

Ongoing treatment facility

 Public facility

0.55 (0.32)

(0.52 to 0.58)

0.70 (0.26)

0.56 (0.31)

0.55 (0.30)

0.51 (0.34)

0.27 (0.41)

 Private facility

0.72 (0.18)

(0.68 to 0.76)

0.41 (0.21)

0.88 (0.04)

0.77 (0.14)

0.72 (0.14)

0.66 (0.27)

Age, years

 18 to 35

0.49 (0.36)

(0.41 to 0.57)

0.74 (0.21)

0.47 (0.37)

0.45 (0.38)

0.59 (0.29)

0.19 (0.44)

 36 to 45

0.59 (0.30)

(0.54 to 0.64)

0.67 (0.19)

0.61 (0.32)

0.57 (0.28)

0.59 (0.29)

0.57 (0.45)

 46 to 64

0.58 (0.29)

(0.54 to 0.61)

0.71 (0.29)

0.56 (0.29)

0.60 (0.27)

0.61 (0.31)

0.49 (0.34)

  > 64

0.58 (0.31)

(0.53 to 0.64)

0.60 (0.42)

0.61 (0.30)

0.56 (0.30)

0.60 (0.25)

0.25 (0.52)

Gender

 Male

0.54 (0.32)

(0.50 to 0.57)

0.63 (0.31)

0.56 (0.32)

0.54 (0.30)

0.51 (0.30)

0.31 (0.42)

 Female

0.60 (0.30)

(0.57 to 0.63)

0.77 (0.15)

0.58 (0.31)

0.58 (0.29)

0.67 (0.26)

0.54 (0.37)

Marital status

 Never married

0.48 (0.39)

(0.32 to 0.63)

0.78 (0.13)

0.33 (0.38)

0.54 (0.40)

0.79 (0.19)

0.19 (0.44)

 Married

0.58 (0.30)

(0.55 to 0.60)

0.72 (0.24)

0.58 (0.31)

0.56 (0.29)

0.61 (0.28)

0.46 (0.39)

 Widowed/divorced/seperated

0.54 (0.34)

(0.44 to 0.64)

0.43 (0.36)

0.57 (0.29)

0.55 (0.35)

0.45 (0.46)

0.49 (0.73)

Education

 No education

0.54 (0.30)

(0.51 to 0.58)

0.45 (0.40)

0.56 (0.30)

0.52 (0.28)

0.58 (0.32)

0.4 (0.39)

 Primary

0.59 (0.30)

(0.55 to 0.64)

0.68 (0.27)

0.58 (0.31)

0.62 (0.29)

0.58 (0.30)

0.52 (0.31)

 Secondary

0.58 (0.34)

(0.51 to 0.65)

0.83 (0.12)

0.55 (0.37)

0.59 (0.32)

0.67 (0.15)

0.42 (0.50)

 Higher secondary

0.59 (0.33)

(0.50 to 0.69)

0.85 (0.01)

0.53 (0.32)

0.68 (0.29)

0.81 (0.10)

0.37 (0.49)

 Tertiary

0.65 (0.30)

(0.54 to 0.76)

0.55 (0.12)

0.72 (0.30)

0.48 (0.41)

0.63 (0.22)

0.61 (0.28)

BMI Group

 Underweight: < 18.49

0.46 (0.34)

(0.39 to 0.52)

0.81 (0.15)

0.42 (0.36)

0.51 (0.27)

0.49 (0.32)

0.34 (0.29)

 Healthy weight: 18.50 to 24.99

0.56 (0.31)

(0.53 to 0.59)

0.64 (0.29)

0.57 (0.30)

0.54 (0.30)

0.58 (0.29)

0.47 (0.38)

 Overweight: 25.00 to 29.99

0.69 (0.21)

(0.65 to 0.74)

0.77 (0.13)

0.71 (0.17)

0.67 (0.23)

0.67 (0.26)

0.74 (0.19)

 Obese: ≥ 30

0.63 (0.33)

(0.54 to 0.73)

na

0.63 (0.35)

0.57 (0.35)

0.83 (0.10)

0.48 (0.45)

Residence

 Rural

0.57 (0.31)

(0.54 to 0.59)

0.70 (0.26)

0.57 (0.31)

0.55 (0.30)

0.59 (0.30)

0.45 (0.42)

 Urban

0.60 (0.31)

(0.53 to 0.67)

0.46 (0.22)

0.58 (0.35)

0.63 (0.29)

0.73 (0.17)

0.40 (0.36)

Family size

  < 4 members

0.60 (0.27)

(0.54 to 0.66)

0.73 (0.38)

0.63 (0.29)

0.63 (0.23)

0.64 (0.20)

0.30 (0.31)

 4 to 5 members

0.58 (0.31)

(0.55 to 0.62)

0.71 (0.23)

0.59 (0.31)

0.57 (0.29)

0.60 (0.29)

0.46 (0.42)

  ≥ 6 members

0.54 (0.32)

(0.50 to 0.59)

0.62 (0.33)

0.53 (0.32)

0.54 (0.32)

0.59 (0.33)

0.59 (0.50)

Occupation

 Unemployed

0.46 (0.34)

(0.41 to 0.52)

0.37 (0.20)

0.52 (0.31)

0.46 (0.35)

0.31 (0.38)

0.21 (0.37)

 Employed

0.61 (0.30)

(0.52 to 0.70)

0.72 (0.22)

0.64 (0.27)

0.49 (0.40)

0.69 (0.24)

0.61 (0.20)

 Business

0.69 (0.19)

(0.64 to 0.75)

0.71 (0.42)

0.71 (0.22)

0.67 (0.20)

0.69 (0.12)

0.76 (0.22)

 Housewife

0.62 (0.28)

(0.58 to 0.65)

0.81 (0.10)

0.57 (0.32)

0.62 (0.25)

0.72 (0.19)

0.57 (0.36)

 Informal worker

0.55 (0.27)

(0.47 to 0.63)

0.65 (0.25)

0.60 (0.27)

0.56 (0.19)

0.36 (0.33)

na

 Students

0.50 (0.41)

(0.28 to 0.72)

0.73 (0.15)

0.39 (0.48)

0.56 (0.29)

0.79 (0.19)

0.29 (0.21)

 Other occupations

0.54 (0.34)

(0.46 to 0.61)

0.67 (0.31)

0.57 (0.35)

0.55 (0.32)

0.52 (0.28)

0.24 (0.43)

Income quintile

 Q1 (20% lowest)

0.52 (0.33)

(0.47 to 0.56)

0.63 (0.30)

0.53 (0.34)

0.52 (0.30)

0.50 (0.34)

0.40 (0.42)

 Q2

0.48 (0.32)

(0.39 to 0.56)

0.52 (0.35)

0.52 (0.29)

0.41 (0.34)

0.37 (0.34)

0.92 (0.32)

 Q3

0.60 (0.30)

(0.54 to 0.65)

0.77 (0.20)

0.63 (0.27)

0.57 (0.29)

0.62 (0.31)

0.33 (0.49)

 Q4

0.59 (0.31)

(0.53 to 0.64)

0.85 (0.14)

0.56 (0.32)

0.60 (0.28)

0.71 (0.23)

0.11 (0.39)

 Q5 (20% highest)

0.67 (0.23)

(0.62 to 0.71)

0.76 (0.12)

0.63 (0.27)

0.71 (0.25)

0.66 (0.19)

0.66 (0.16)

Received COVID-19 vaccine

 No

0.53 (0.32)

(0.49 to 0.58)

0.41 (0.36)

0.53 (0.37)

0.50 (0.31)

0.62 (0.25)

0.36 (0.39)

 Yes

0.58 (0.30)

(0.55 to 0.61)

0.70 (0.26)

0.58 (0.30)

0.59 (0.29)

0.58 (0.32)

0.49 (0.41)

Smoking history

 No

0.58 (0.31)

(0.55 to 0.61)

0.81 (0.15)

0.56 (0.32)

0.57 (0.30)

0.64 (0.27)

0.46 (0.41)

 Yes

0.55 (0.30)

(0.50 to 0.60)

0.46 (0.29)

0.59 (0.28)

0.55 (0.29)

0.48 (0.34)

0.37 (0.39)

Smokeless tobacco use

 No

0.58 (0.31)

(0.54 to 0.61)

0.75 (0.23)

0.59 (0.32)

0.55 (0.31)

0.62 (0.27)

0.40 (0.39)

 Yes

0.56 (0.31)

(0.52 to 0.60)

0.60 (0.29)

0.55 (0.31)

0.58 (0.29)

0.56 (0.32)

0.49 (0.42)

Physical activity (walk > 150 m/week)

 No

0.41 (0.36)

(0.36 to 0.47)

0.26 (0.31)

0.29 (0.35)

0.47 (0.34)

0.55 (0.32)

0.31 (0.44)

 Yes

0.64 (0.26)

(0.61 to 0.66)

0.74 (0.21)

0.66 (0.24)

0.59 (0.28)

0.66 (0.24)

0.57 (0.33)