Table 1 Study population characteristics based on the tertiles cut points of dietary advanced glycation end products
Variables | T1 (n = 125) | T2 (n = 143) | T3 (n = 133) | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (year) | 48.8 ± 18.0 | 48.7 ± 19.4 | 46.1 ± 9.8 | 0.022 |
First pregnancy age (year) | 18.1 ± 7.3 | 19.4 ± 7.7 | 18.4 ± 8.5 | 0.957 |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 5.5 | 29.7 ± 5.6 | 28.7 ± 5.4 | 0.088 |
Physical activity ( MET/min/week) | 32.4 ± 5.1 | 32.8 ± 5.4 | 33.1 ± 5.2 | 0.294 |
Smoking (yes, %) | 4.0 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 0.394 |
Marital status (married, %) | 73.0 | 77.5 | 81.1 | 0.231 |
Menopausal status (yes, %) | 52.4 | 48.6 | 38.6 | 0.070 |
Cancer family history (yes, %) | 21.0 | 25.4 | 25.0 | 0.643 |
Anti-inflammatory drug (yes, %) | 14.5 | 14.1 | 13.6 | 0.984 |
Vitamin D supplement intake (yes, %) | 25.0 | 14.1 | 25.0 | 0.032 |
Breastfeeding history (yes, %) | 85.5 | 87.3 | 84.8 | 0.827 |
Education level (Bachelor and higher, %) | 14.5 | 16.2 | 18.2 | 0.698 |
Occupation (employed, %) | 21.8 | 14.8 | 22.7 | 0.180 |
Family size (> 4 members, %,) | 51.6 | 54.9 | 60.6 | 0.338 |
Socio economic status (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.533 |
Low (%) | 40.3 | 40.1 | 31.8 | Â |
Middle (%) | 41.1 | 40.1 | 43.2 | Â |
High (%) | 18.5 | 17.6 | 23.5 | Â |
Dietary intake | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Energy intake(Kcal/d) | 2237 ± 483 | 2572 ± 561 | 3249 ± 781 | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 56.2 ± 5.2 | 53.0 ± 5.5 | 49.2 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 |
protein(% of energy) | 13.0 ± 1.8 | 12.9 ± 2.1 | 12.0 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
fat(% of energy) | 30.8 ± 5.0 | 34.0 ± 5.6 | 38.7 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids(% of energy) | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 9.2 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
Monounsaturated fatty acids(% of energy) | 10.5 ± 2.3 | 11.9 ± 2.4 | 13.6 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 |
Saturated fatty acids(% of energy) | 9.9 ± 2.0 | 10.6 ± 2.0 | 11.6 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
Fiber (g/1000 Kcal) | 14.7 ± 4.0 | 14.2 ± 5.1 | 13.2 ± 4.3 | 0.007 |