Vaginal microbiome community state types and high-risk human papillomaviruses in cervical precancer and cancer in North-central Nigeria

Table 1 Characteristics of participants in comparison to cervical pathology outcomes (N = 151)

Variable	Cervical Pathology outcome				P-value
	NILM	LSIL	HSIL	ICC
	N = 19	N = 45	N = 57	N = 30
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Vaginal Community State Type (CST)					0.153
CST-I	2 (11.8)	7 (41.1)	6 (35.3)	2 (11.8)
CST-III	8 (24.2)	8 (24.2)	14 (42.4)	3 (9.1)
CST-IV	9 (8.9)	30 (29.7)	37 (36.6)	25 (24.8)
HPV status					0.007
HPV Negative	11 (19.6)	18 (32.1)	24 (42.9)	3 (5.4)
Low risk HPV Positive	2 (14.3)	5 (35.7)	5 (35.7)	2 (14.3)
High risk HPV positive	6 (8.8)	20 (29.4)	20 (29.4)	22 (32.4)
HIV status					0.001
HIV Negative	7 (8.6)	36 (44.4)	31(38.3)	7 (8.6)
HIV Positive	12 (16.2)	10 (13.5)	28 (37.8)	24 (32.4)
Age (years	48 ± 10.1	48.2 ± 8.5	51.8 ± 9.0	54.3 ± 12.5	0.034
Years of Education completed	12.6 ± 4.2	11.3 ± 4.5	11.3 ± 4.5	7.6 ± 5.7	0.001
BMI (Kg/m²)	28.4 ± 5.7	25.6 ± 5.3	25.8 ± 4.3	27.5 ± 7.3	0.163
Age at first sex (years)	18.9 ± 3.6	19.4 ± 4.9	19.7 ± 3.8	17.6 ± 2.3	0.095
Age at first pregnancy(years)	22.2 ± 5.9	20.8 ± 4.3	21.3 ± 4.5	18.5 ± 2.5	0.016
Total life-time number of sex partner(s)	2.8 ± 1.4	3.3 ± 2.4	2.7 ± 2.4	2.5 ± 2.1	0.386
Total years of exposure to hormonal contraception	2.2 ± 4.1	2.9 ± 4.0	2.8 ± 3.9	3.5 ± 6.0	0.858
Total births (Parity)					0.007
0–1	5 (29.4)	7 (41.2)	4 (23.5)	1 (5.9)
2–4	8 (12.1)	22 (33.3)	28 (42.4)	8 (12.1)
> 4	4 (6.1)	15 (22.7)	26 (39.4)	21 (31.8)
Post-menopausal status					0.262
Yes	10 (18.1)	18 (32.7)	17 (30.9)	10 (18.1)
No	9 (9.0)	28 (28.0)	42 (42.0)	21 (21.0)
Ever drunk Alcohol					0.322
Yes	1 (3.7)	7 (25.9)	14 (51.9)	5 (18.5)
No	18 (14.1)	39 (30.5)	45 (35.2)	26 (20.3)

Pearson’s chi square test used for comparisons of categorical variables, and Fisher’s exact test used when n < 5 in any cell. For all continuous comparisons ANOVA test was used. Continuous variables are presented as mean plus/minus standard deviation. NILM (Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy), LSIL (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), ICC (invasive cervical cancer). Not all cells sum to N due to missing responses

ISSN: 1471-2407