Fig. 3

NPY-driven cell migration and invasion can be antagonized to a greater extent in hypoxia. Cell migration (A-F) and invasion (G-L) were measured via transwell assay (without or with Matrigel-coated inserts) in MDA-MB-231 (A-C and G-I) and MCF7 (D-F and J-L) cells treated with subtype-specific NPYR antagonists (Y1^- or Y5^-) in normoxia and hypoxia. A general agonist that stimulates all NPYR subtypes (NPY) or subtype-specific agonists (Y1⁺ or Y5⁺) were used. Data (n ≥ 3) represent the number of cells migrated after 22 h (MDA-MB-231) or 24 h (MCF7) relative to vehicle control. The Bartlett test was used to verify that all data sets were normally distributed. Bar graph with error bars representing the SEM and * represent p < 0.05 using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test