Table 2 Hazard ratio for overall survival

De novo vs. relapsed/progressed

Relapsed/progressed

reference

-

-

De novo

1.07 (1.01–1.14)

-

-

Age group, years

< 60

reference

reference

reference

60–69

1.15 (1.09–1.22)

1.17 (1.10–1.24)

1.04 (0.89–1.22)

70–79

1.41 (1.33–1.49)

1.44 (1.36–1.53)

1.20 (1.03–1.41)

≥ 80

1.72 (1.59–1.87)

1.73 (1.59–1.88)

1.85 (1.39–2.47)

Sex

Female

reference

reference

reference

Male

1.37 (1.29–1.45)

1.35 (1.27–1.44)

1.54 (1.28–1.85)

CCI

< 3

reference

reference

reference

≥ 3

1.08 (1.03–1.12)

1.07 (1.02–1.11)

1.14 (1.01–1.28)

Insurance type

National health insurance

reference

reference

reference

Medical aid or veterans

1.16 (1.08–1.24)

1.15 (1.06–1.24)

1.24 (1.00–1.54)

Type of hospital at initiation of first-line therapy

Tertiary hospital

reference

reference

reference

Others

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

1.07 (1.02–1.11)

1.02 (0.89–1.16)

Geographic region of hospital

Capital area

reference

reference

reference

Metropolitans

1.09 (1.04–1.15)

1.11 (1.06–1.17)

0.96 (0.82–1.13)

Rural

1.09 (1.03–1.14)

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

1.08 (0.91–1.27)

Time point at initiation of first-line therapy

Pre-immunotherapy era

reference

reference

reference

Post-immunotherapy era

0.84 (0.80–0.87)

0.83 (0.79–0.86)

0.90 (0.80–1.02)