Fig. 3

a The algorithm used to construct the median TSE-curve. The optimization problem formulated in Eq. 13 is iteratively solved to find the radiosensitizer exposure, which renders the median individual’s tumor to be in stasis for different radiation doses. The TSE-curve is then created through interpolation. b The algorithm used to construct percentile TSE-curves. A virtual dataset of individuals (here 1000) is first created. The optimization problem formulated in Eq. 13 is then iteratively solved for each individual, to find the radiosensitizer exposure that renders that individual’s tumor to be in stasis at different radiation doses. For a given percentile of interest, e.g., 95%, the radiosensitizer exposure that is sufficient for this percentile of tumors to be in stasis can be calculated for each radiation dose and the TSE-curve is then constructed through interpolation