Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics

Age, mean ± SD, years

56.4 ± 9.13

Sex, n (%)

 Female

2 (6)

 Male

33 (94)

HBsAg, n (%)

 Negative

6 (17)

 Positive

29 (83)

Child–Pugh grade, n (%)

 A

35 (100)

AFP at baseline, n (%)

  ≤ 400 ng/mL

13 (37)

  > 400 ng/mL

22 (63)

AFP at baseline, n (%)

  ≤ ULN

10 (29)

  > ULN

25 (71)

AFP before surgery, n (%)

  ≤ ULN

15 (43)

  > ULN

20 (57)

BCLC stage, n (%)

 A

3 (9)

 B

9 (26)

 C

23 (66)

CNLC stage, n (%)

 Ib

3 (9)

 IIa

1 (3)

 IIb

8 (23)

 IIIa

13 (37)

 IIIb

10 (29)

Macrovascular invasion, n (%)

 No

21 (60)

 Yes

14 (40)

Extrahepatic disease, n (%)

 No

25 (71)

 Yes

10 (29)

Location of extrahepatic disease, n (%)

 Abdominal cavity

1 (3)

 Adrenal gland

1 (3)

 Bone^a

3 (9)

 Lung

2 (6)

 Lymph node^a

4 (11)

Anti–PD-1 antibody treatment cycle before surgery, median (IQR)

5 (3–8)

Time to surgery, median (IQR), months

4.4 (2.73–6.57)

Radiographic response^b, median (IQR)

65% (48–87)