Fig. 3

Representative images comparing radiographic and pathological response evaluations. A-F Representative figures collected from patient case 13, who was evaluated as radiographic PR per mRECIST and pCR. A, B MR images before combination therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an anti–PD-1 antibody and (C, D) MR images after systemic therapy, but before surgery. E The resected tumor tissues and (F) the hematoxylin and eosin–stained slide section (× 100). G-L Representative figures collected from patient case 34, who was evaluated as radiographic CR per mRECIST and pCR. G, H MR images before combination therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an anti–PD-1 antibody and (I, J) MR images after systemic therapy, but before surgery. K The resected tumor tissues and (L) the hematoxylin and eosin–stained slide section (× 100). CR, complete response; MR, magnetic resonance; mRECIST, modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; pCR, pathologic complete response; PR, partial response; PD-1, programmed death 1