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Table 4 Clinical studies on 125I strands brachytherapy on malignant biliary obstruction within recent 5 years

From: Biliary drainage combined with simultaneous 125I seed strand brachytherapy for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Year/study/Patients

Treatment design

Technical success

Cumulative dose

complications

Outcomes

2022/Rs/42 [35]

EG: stent + double ISSB

CG: stent

100 vs 100%

125 and 86 Gy at 0.5 and 1 cm from 125I stands

Minor complications (27.2 vs 25%, p > 0.05)

Tumor shrinkage (0.89 vs -1.19 cm); mSP ( 8.76 vs 3.55 mo); mOS (252.5 vs133.5 day), all P value p < 0.05

2022/Rs/48 [36]

EG: double ISSB + BD + CT

CG:BD + CT

100 vs 100%

D90: 83.5 Gy

Early complication (12.5 vs 16.7%, p > 0.05)

mSP (7.8 vs 5.7 mo, p < 0.05); mOS( 9.4 vs 8.2 mo, p > 0.05)

2021/Rs/13 [37]

SAR: Intraluminal RFA + single ISSB

100%

27.2 Gy at 0.5 cm from 125I stands

Minor complications 23.1%

mSP (239 days, 95%CI:187–291)

mOS (298 days, 95%CI:239–358)

2021/Rs/67 [38]

EG: stent + singel ISSB

CG: stent

100 vs 100%

Not available

Not available

mSP(9.0 vs 6.0 mo, p < 0.05); mOS (11.0 vs 7.0 mo, p < 0.05)

2021/Rs/58 [39]

EG: BD + singel ISSB

CG: BD

100 vs 100%

50–80 Gy at dose reference point

Grade3-4 complications (30% vs 39.4%, p > 0.05)

Median obstruction free time(7.0 vs 5.0 mo, p < 0.05); mOS (9.0 vs 6.0, p < 0.05)

2020/Rs/110 [40]

EG:stent + single ISSB

CG:BD

100 vs 100%

Not available

Biliary infection (41.8% vs 18.2%, p < 0.05)

Clincial benefic rate (61.8% vs54.5% p < 0.05)

mOS (13.4 vs 12.7, p < 0.05)

2020/Rs/84 [41]

EG:stent + single ISSB

CG:BD

100 vs 100%

Not available

Complications (1.1 s 13.3%, p > 0.05)

mSP (231.6 vs 110.4 days, p < 0.05)

mOS (310.6 vs 173.2 days, p < 0.05)

2020/Rs/76 [42]

EG:stent + single ISSB

CG:stent

100 vs 100%

Not available

Complications (50.0 s 38.9%, p > 0.05)

mSP (387.0 vs 121.0 days, p < 0.05)

mOS (177.0 vs 123.0 days, p > 0.05)

2019/Rs/184 [43]

EG:BD + single ISSB

CG:BD

100 vs 100%

Not available

Minor complication (12.7 vs 13.3%, p > 0.05)

Biliary re-obstruction (9.5% vs 35.2%, p < 0.05)

mOS (12.0 mo vs 9 mo, p > 0.05)

2019/Rs/132 [44]

EG:stent + single ISSB

CG:stent

100 vs 100%

Not avaluable

Major complications (0 vs 2.2%, p > 0.05)

mSP (194.0 vs 86.0 days, p < 0.05)

mOS (194.0 vs 96 days, p > 0.05)

   

Not avaluable

  
  1. Rs Retrospective study, EG experimental group, CG Control group, ISSB 125I stands brachytherapy, CT Cheotherapy, BD Bliary drainange, Mo months, D90 90% of tumor volume receives radiation dose, SAR Single arm research, mOS median overall survival, RFA Radiofrequency ablation, mSP median Stent Patentcy
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