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Table 1 Characteristics of BCRL patients in the retrospective cohort

From: Risk factors for the development of severe breast cancer-related lymphedema: a retrospective cohort study

 

All patients

Non-severe patients

Severe patients

p value

Subjects

326

235

91

 

Age#

48(43–57)

47(43–55)

52(44–61)

0.018

Tumor size#

20(5–30)

20(5–30)

23(6–35)

0.214

Positive lymph nodes#

2(0–4)

2(0–3)

0(0–1)

< 0.001

Total lymph node dissection#

18(15–22)

18(15–22)

19(16–22)

0.465

Cycles#

6(4–8)

6(4–8)

6(6–8)

0.664

Serum cholesterol#

5.107(4.315–5.869)

5.104(4.268–5.830)

5.126(4.389–6.040)

0.216

BMI#

24.53(22.43–26.86)

24.41(22.27–26.75)

24.77(22.77–27.24)

0.492

IPNs dissection*

   

< 0.001

 Yes

60 (18.4)

18 (7.7)

42 (46.2)

 

 No

266 (81.6)

217 (92.3)

49 (53.8)

 

ER*

   

0.480

 Positive

216 (66.3)

153 (65.1)

63 (69.2)

 

 Negative

110 (33.7)

82 (34.9)

28 (30.8)

 

PR*

   

0.085

 Positive

183 (56.1)

125 (53.2)

58 (63.7)

 

 Negative

143 (43.9)

110 (46.8)

33 (36.3)

 

Ki-67*

   

0.493

 Positive

164 (50.3)

121 (51.5)

43 (47.3)

 

 Negative

162 (49.7)

114 (48.5)

48 (52.7)

 

HER2*

   

0.945

 Positive

112 (34.4)

81 (34.5)

31 (34.1)

 

 Negative

214 (65.6)

154 (65.5)

60 (65.9)

 

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy*

   

0.914

 Yes

106 (32.5)

76 (32.3)

30 (33.0)

 

 No

220 (67.5)

159 (67.7)

61 (67.0)

 

Docetaxel*

   

0.125

 Yes

278 (85.3)

196 (83.4)

82 (90.1)

 

 No

48 (14.7)

39 (16.6)

9 (9.9)

 

Chemotherapy*

   

0.359

 Yes

301 (92.3)

215 (91.5)

86 (94.5)

 

 No

25 (7.7)

20 (8.5)

5 (5.5)

 

Radiotherapy*

   

0.017

 Yes

234 (71.8)

160 (68.1)

74 (81.3)

 

 No

92 (28.2)

75 (31.9)

17 (18.7)

 

Education level*

   

< 0.001

 High-Bachelor’s degree or more

204 (62.6)

170 (72.3)

34 (37.4)

 

 Low-Associates degree or less

122 (37.4)

65 (27.7)

57 (62.6)

 

Hypertension*

   

0.079

 Yes

56 (17.2)

35 (14.9)

21 (23.1)

 

 No

270 (82.8)

200 (85.1)

70 (76.9)

 
  1. Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index, IPNs: interpectoral lymph nodes, ER: estrogen receptor, PR: progesterone receptor, HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. # Expressed as median (interquartile range), *Data are presented as numbers with percentages in parentheses