Table 4 Postoperative complications
Clavien–Dindo classification | Conventional group (n = 101) |  | Combined group (n = 102) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade I-II | Grade III | Grade IV | Grade V | ≥III grade | Grade I-II | Grade III | Grade IV | Grade V | ≥III grade | ||
Anastomotic leakage | 8 (7.9%) | 4 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 6 (5.9%) | Â | 8 (7.8%) | 5 (4.9%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 8 (7.9%) |
Abdominal infection | 26 (25.7%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 0 | 4 (4%) | Â | 18 (17.6%) | 4 (3.9%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0 | 7 (6.9%) |
Intestinal obstruction | 15 (14.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â | 3 (2.9%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 3 (2.9%) |
Hemorrhage | 1 (1%) | 0 | 2 (2%) | 0 | 2 (2%) | Â | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 0 | 3 (2.9%) |
Wound infection | 3 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2%) | Â | 0 | 3 (2.9%) | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.9%) |
Pulmonary infection | 23 (22.8%) | 2 (2%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2%) | Â | 21 (20.6%) | 3 (2.9%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 4 (3.9%) |
Cardiovascular events | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2%) | Â | 4 (3.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Thrombotic events | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â | 3 (2.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Urinary tract infection | 3 (3%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â | 4 (3.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Any complication events | 44 (43.6%) | 9 (8.9%) | 3 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 10 (9.9%) | Â | 38 (37.3%) | 11 (10.8%) | 4 (3.9%) | 1 (1%) | 13 (12.7%) |