Table 2 Univariable and Multivariable Analyses to Identify Predictors for Risky Surgery in LLR Based on Preoperative Data in the Development Cohort

Diagnosis (HCC)

0.57 (0.34–0.97)

0.04

Age (> 60 years)

1.07 (0.75–1.52)

0.73

Sex (male)

0.96 (0.60–1.55)

0.87

History of pre-treatment

0.93 (0.63–1.36)

0.71

1.66 (1.01–2.72)

0.05

HBV infection

0.70 (0.44–1.12)

0.14

Child Pugh score (6)

0.56 (0.22–1.41)

0.22

ALBI grade (II)

0.90 (0.44–1.83)

0.76

Albumin

1.00 (0.94–1.05)

0.87

Total bilirubin

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.25

AFP (> 200 ng/ml)

1.20 (0.94–1.71)

0.31

Resection margin

1.14 (0.81–1.60)

0.45

Tumor diameter

1.61 (1.45–1.78)

< 0.001

1.46 (1.29–1.66)

< 0.001

Tumor number (multiple)

1.69 (1.11–2.57)

0.02

Tumor location

Location II

5.66 (3.65–8.78)

< 0.001

3.70 (2.22–6.19)

< 0.001

Location III

8.43 (4.86–14.60)

< 0.001

5.09 (2.67–9.70)

< 0.001

Extent of resection^#

Extent II

6.72 (4.08–11.08)

< 0.001

3.78 (2.19–6.52)

< 0.001

Extent III

13.91 (8.09–23.94)

< 0.001

5.24 (2.87–9.56)

< 0.001

Extent IV

10.35 (5.98–17.90)

< 0.001

3.95 (2.05–7.61)

< 0.001