Table 3 LASSO-penalized multivariable Cox analysis after PSM

Age, years

 < 0.001

0.001

 Continue

1.054

1.027–1.082

1.048

1.020–1.077

BMI

0.258

0.418

 Continue

0.965

0.907–1.027

0.972

0.908–1.041

Histology

0.013

0.034

 ADC

1

1

 SCC

1.509

0.912–2.498

1.474

0.786–2.767

 Other

2.597

1.329–5.076

2.671

1.261–5.655

Pathologic TNM stage

 < 0.001

0.013

 I

1

1

 II

4.005

2.260–7.097

2.947

1.374–6.322

 III

5.343

3.284–8.695

2.999

1.007–8.933

Postoperative complication

0.281

0.230

 Without

1

1

 With

1.602

0.680–3.774

1.734

0.706–4.529

Sex

0.009

 Male

1

 Female

0.455

0.253–0.818

Smoking

0.019

 Non-smoker

1

 Smoker

2.213

1.139–4.300

FEV1%

0.575

 Continue

1.004

0.991–1.017

DLCO%

0.026

 Continue

0.982

0.967–0.998

ASA grade

0.918

 1

1

 2

1.258

0.648–2.440

 3

1.108

0.352–3.485

 4

1.652

0.933–4.237

Surgical approach

0.190

 VATS

1

 Open

1.527

0.811–2.875

Tumor location

0.809

Right upper lobe

1

 Right middle lobe

0.640

0.225–1.823

 Right lower lobe

0.725

0.373–1.408

 Left upper lobe

0.781

0.450–1.356

 Left lower lobe

0.786

0.394–1.570

VPI

0.874

 Without

1

 With

1.042

0.625–1.738

LVI

0.271

 Without

1

 With

1.414

0.763–2.619

Pathologic N category

0.454

 0

1

 1

1.540

0.631–3.759

 2

1.823

0.603–5.512