Table 2 Quality of retrospective studies, as assessed on the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS)
Study | Selection | Comparability | Outcomes | Total score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definition of exposed cohort | Selecting non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Outcomes was not present at start | Comparing cohorts of design and analysis | Assess outcome | Follow-up time (> 3 years) | Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts | ||
McEachron (2021) [14] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | ||
Montes de Oca (2021) [17] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | 6 | |||
Bogani (2020) [27] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | ||
Huang (2020) [31] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 | |
Ko (2020) [28] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | ||
Lee (2020) [32] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | ||
van Weelden (2020) [25] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | 6 | |||
Verrengia (2020) [34] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 6 | ||
Kahramanoglu (2019) [16] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 6 | ||
Kidd (2019) [15] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | ||
Albuquerque (2018) [24] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 5 | |||
Binder (2017) [35] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 | |
Signorelli (2015) [26] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 6 | ||
Kuku (2013) [29] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
Secord (2013) [30] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 6 | ||