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Table 3 Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of VIA positive among 70,094 women

From: Factors associated with positive cancer screening for the uterine cervix and breast in Jakarta Province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Positive

OR (95% CI)

P

AOR (95% CI)

P

N (%)

Age (years old)

 <30

137 (1.3%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 30-39

215 (1.0%)

0.75 (0.60-0.93)

0.009

0.76 (0.61-0.95)

0.015

 40-49

268 (1.1%)

0.82 (0.67-1.01)

0.065

0.83 (0.67-1.03)

0.085

 ≥50

107 (0.8%)

0.61 (0.48-0.79)

<0.001

0.60 (0.46-0.79)

<0.001

Age at menarche (years old)

 9-11

85 (2.3%)

2.37 (1.74-3.24)

<0.001

2.39 (1.75-3.26)

<0.001

 12-14

564 (0.9%)

0.97 (0.76-1.23)

0.793

0.95 (0.75-1.22)

0.709

 15-17

78 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Marital status

 Single/first marriage

658 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Remarriage

44 (1.5%)

1.53 (1.13-2.09)

0.006

1.69 (1.15-2.40)

0.006

 Widowed

25 (1.4%)

1.37 (0.92-2.05)

0.125

1.20 (0.79-1.81)

0.380

Partner’s marital statusa

 First marriage

698 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Remarriage

29 (1.1%)

1.10 (0.76-1.60)

0.616

0.72 (0.46-1.12)

0.147

Educational level

 High

151 (0.9%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Middle

487 (1.1%)

1.22 (1.01-1.47)

0.034

1.22 (0.99-1.49)

0.051

 Low

89 (1.3%)

1.47 (1.12-1.91)

0.005

1.45 (1.14-2.02)

0.009

Occupation

 Housewife

532 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Other

195 (1.2%)

1.16 (0.99-1.37)

0.068

1.31 (1.09-1.56)

0.003

Partner’s occupation

 Employee

253 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Other

474 (1.1%)

1.09 (0.94-1.27)

0.251

1.20 (1.01-1.41)

0.029

Alcohol consumption

 No

704 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Yes

23 (3.6%)

3.63 (2.37-5.54)

<0.001

3.46 (2.17-5.49)

<0.001

Smokingb

 No

640 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Yes

87 (1.3%)

1.29 (1.03-1.62)

0.026

1.29 (1.01-1.65)

0.037

Daily physical activity

 No

653 (1.2%)

3.01 (2.36-3.83)

<0.001

3.69 (2.85-4.79)

<0.001

 Yes

74 (0.4%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Breastfeeding history

 No

284 (1.3%)

1.35 (1.16-1.57)

<0.001

1.11 (0.93-1.32)

0.260

 Yes

443 (0.9%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Birth control history

 No

315 (1.2%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Yes

412 (0.9%)

0.80 (0.69-0.93)

0.003

0.89 (0.77-1.05)

0.178

Pap smear history

 No

656 (1.0%)

1.17 (0.91-1.50)

0.212

1.33 (1.03-1.71)

0.028

 Yes

71 (0.9%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Breast tumor history

 No

716 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Yes

11 (1.3%)

1.30 (0.71-2.39)

0.379

1.05 (0.57-1.93)

0.874

Cancer family history

 No

691 (1.0%)

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Yes

36 (4.5%)

4.64 (3.29-6.53)

<0.001

6.34 (4.42-9.08)

<0.001

  1. VIA visual inspection with acetic acid, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, AOR adjusted odds ratio, Pap Papanicolaou
  2. aPartner’s marital status of single women are included in “first marriage.”
  3. bSmoking includes passive smokers