Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohort
From: Nomogram for prediction of prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal resection
Training cohort (n = 1254) | validation cohort (n = 153) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.292 | ||
Male | 864(68.9%) | 99(64.7%) | |
Female | 390(31.1%) | 54(35.3%) | |
Age (years) | 0.381 | ||
≤ 65 | 625(49.8%) | 82(53.6%) | |
> 65 | 629(50.2%) | 71(46.4%) | |
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 23.4 ± 2.3 | 23.2 ± 2.2 | 0.251 |
Smoking habit | 0.298 | ||
Yes | 312(24.9%) | 44(28.8%) | |
No | 942(75.1%) | 109(71.2%) | |
Alcohol use | 0.633 | ||
Yes | 532(42.4%) | 68(44.4%) | |
No | 722(57.6%) | 85(55.6%) | |
Diabetes Mellitus | 0.665 | ||
Yes | 290(23.1%) | 33(21.6%) | |
No | 964(76.9%) | 120(78.4%) | |
Hypertension | 0.020 | ||
Yes | 354(28.2%) | 57(37.3%) | |
No | 900(71.8%) | 96(62.7%) | |
Hyperlipidemia | 0.419 | ||
Yes | 402(32.1%) | 54(35.3%) | |
No | 852(67.9%) | 99(64.7%) | |
Respiratory comorbidity | 0.200 | ||
Yes | 248(19.8%) | 37(24.2%) | |
No | 1006(80.2%) | 116(75.8%) | |
Cardiac comorbidity | 0.535 | ||
Yes | 244(19.5%) | 33(21.6%) | |
No | 1010(80.5%) | 120(78.4%) | |
Peripheral vascular disease | 0.551 | ||
Yes | 190(15.2%) | 26(17.0%) | |
No | 1064(84.8%) | 127(83.0%) | |
Previous abdominal surgery | 0.325 | ||
Yes | 176(14.0%) | 26(17.0%) | |
No | 1078(86.0%) | 127(83.0%) | |
Preoperative anemia | 0.746 | ||
Yes | 418(33.3%) | 53(34.6%) | |
No | 836(66.7%) | 100(65.4%) | |
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia | 0.342 | ||
Yes | 200(15.9%) | 29(19.0%) | |
No | 1054(84.1%) | 124(81.0%) | |
Preoperative WBC count(×103/μL, mean ± SD) | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 7.0 ± 1.6 | 0.242 |
Neoadjuvant treatment | 0.504 | ||
Yes | 242(19.3%) | 33(21.6%) | |
No | 1012(80.7%) | 120(78.4%) | |
ASA-classification | 0.395 | ||
ASA I | 776(61.9%) | 86(56.2%) | |
ASA II | 338(27.0%) | 47(30.7%) | |
ASA III, IV | 140(11.1%) | 20(13.1%) | |
Surgical approach | 0.468 | ||
Minimally invasive surgery | 1115(88.9%) | 139(90.8%) | |
Open/conversion | 139(11.1%) | 14(9.2%) | |
Surgical procedure | 0.172 | ||
Right colectomy | 332(26.5%) | 34(22.2%) | |
Transverse colectomy | 78(6.2%) | 16(10.5%) | |
Left colectomy | 330(26.3%) | 37(24.2%) | |
Rectal resectiona | 514(41.0%) | 66(43.1%) | |
Diverting ileostomy | 0.427 | ||
Yes | 177(14.1%) | 18(11.8%) | |
No | 1077(85.9%) | 135(88.2%) | |
Operation duration(min) | 0.650 | ||
≤ 180 | 574(45.8%) | 73(47.7%) | |
> 180 | 680(54.2%) | 80(52.3%) | |
Intraoperative Blood loss (mL), (median [IQR]) | 180(90–200) | 165(85–200) | 0.102 |
Bowel resection length (cm), (median [IQR]) | 20(18–21) | 20(17,22) | 0.113 |
Anastomosis technique | 0.872 | ||
Side-to-end | 319(25.4%) | 38(24.8%) | |
End-to-end | 935(74.6%) | 115(75.2%) | |
Anastomosis approach | 0.464 | ||
Intracorporeal anastomosis | 326(26.0%) | 44(28.8%) | |
extracorporeal anastomosis | 928(74.0%) | 109(71.2%) | |
Intraoperative fluid overload | |||
Yes | 560(44.7%) | 64(41.8%) | |
No | 694(55.3%) | 89(58.2%) | |
Perioperative transfusion | 0.490 | ||
Yes | 111(8.9%) | 11(7.2%) | |
No | 1143(91.1%) | 142(92.8%) | |
Differentiation | 0.325 | ||
Well | 65(5.2%) | 4(2.6%) | |
Moderate | 1051(83.8%) | 134(87.6%) | |
Poor | 138(11.0%) | 15(9.8%) | |
Specimen extraction approaches | 0.105 | ||
Natural orifice specimen extraction | 113(9.0%) | 20(13.1%) | |
Conventional extraction | 1141(91.0%) | 133(86.9%) | |
TNM stage | 0.448 | ||
I | 213(17.0%) | 32(20.9%) | |
II | 635(50.6%) | 76(49.7%) | |
III | 406(32.4%) | 45(29.4%) |