Fig. 5

Subgroup analysis based on the radar charts and violin plots. A The radar chart to describe the distribution of the four subscale scores among the training (green) vs. validation (red) groups; B The radar chart to describe the distribution of the four subscale scores among the negative (green) vs. positive (red) events; C The radar chart to describe the distribution of the four subscale scores among the low-risk (green) vs. high-risk (red) groups. The four subscales include the physical well-being score, social well-being score, emotional well-being score, and functional well-being score. D Violin plot for anxiety and depression scores between the training (red) and validation (green) groups. E Violin plot for anxiety and depression scores between the negative (green) vs. positive (red) events. F Violin plot for anxiety and depression scores between the low-risk (green) vs. high-risk (red) groups. Positive event indicates patients with poor quality of life; Negative event indicates patients without poor quality of life. “ns” indicates no significance; **** indicates P < 0.0001 (the Wilcoxon two-sample test)