Fig. 3
Methylation status of PENK in urine sediments by mePENK-qMSP. A mePENK-qMSP using an independent set of voided urine samples from BCa patients, BUD patients, and normal healthy subjects (N). Distribution of PENK methylation was expressed as 40-△CT value for each sample. A higher 40-△CT indicates a higher methylated level of PENK. Methylation status of PENK is plotted as box and whisker plots. TaLG: Ta Low-Grade; TaHG: Ta High-Grade; O.C.: Other urologic cancers. **, P < 0.01 analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test. B ROC plots of PENK methylation for detecting TaHG and advanced tumor stages of BCa from BUD patients and normal healthy subjects. Cutoff value for methylation-positive, AUC, and P value are indicated in the box