Fig. 2

Metformin regulates multiple signaling pathways within C4–2 cells. RNA-sequencing was performed on total RNA extracted from C4–2 cells treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) vehicle or 5 mM metformin. Downstream pathway enrichment analysis of significantly changed transcripts was conducted using WebGestalt to obtain significantly enriched KEGG pathways and GO Biological Process terms. Pathway visualizations and biological interaction network characterizations were performed using the Cytoscape bioinformatics platform with the Michigan Molecular Interactions Database (MIMI) and GeneMANIA plugins