Fig. 2

Immunohistochemical findings for periostin in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. a–d Urothelial carcinomas showing (a) no immunoreactivity, (b) mild, (c) moderate, and (d) strong stromal expression of periostin. Note the absence of epithelial periostin expression in these tumors. e In a small subset of tumors, focal and weak epithelial expression of periostin was detected. f and g Urothelial carcinomas showing high stromal periostin expression and (f) high tumor budding (arrow heads)/(g) high tumor-associated immune status. Immunoperoxidase stain, original magnification × 200