Fig. 1

Screening strategies. In strategies 3–6, ‘High risk’ and ‘Low risk’ during age 40–49 refer to estimated high-risk and low-risk by AI or PRS, while beyond age 50 refer to presence or absence of family history, respectively. In strategies 7–8, ‘High risk’ and ‘Low risk’ refer to presence or absence of family history, respectively. Beyond age 50, in all strategies except strategies 1 and 2, women without family history undergo biennial screening; those with family history undergo annual screening. Screening in all strategies ceases at age 74