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Table 3 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for vegetable and fruit consumption and Cancer of Unknown Primary risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study

From: Vegetable and fruit consumption and cancer of unknown primary risk: results from the Netherlands cohort study on diet and cancer

 

Categorical median (grams per day)

Subcohort members

Cancer of Unknown Primary cases

(n = 4005)

(n = 867)

Person time at risk (years)

Cases

Age- and sex- adjusted

Multivariable adjusted a

Men

Women

n

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Total vegetables and fruits

 Q1

188

226

16,680

224

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

282

323

16,957

224

0.96

(0.78-1.19)

1.02

(0.83-1.27)

 Q3

363

411

16,989

209

0.90

(0.72-1.11)

0.96

(0.78-1.19)

 Q4

496

552

17,184

210

0.87

(0.70-1.07)

0.97

(0.78-1.20)

 p for trendb

    

0.14

  

0.63

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.95

(0.89-1.02)

0.98

(0.92-1.05)

Total vegetables c

 Q1

109

124

16,600

228

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

156

160

17,022

211

0.91

(0.74-1.13)

0.94

(0.76-1.17)

 Q3

199

202

17,172

233

0.99

(0.80-1.22)

1.04

(0.84-1.28)

 Q4

271

277

17,016

195

0.84

(0.68-1.04)

0.87

(0.69-1.09)

 p for trendb

    

0.21

  

0.38

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.96

(0.90-1.02)

0.97

(0.90-1.04)

Cooked vegetables d

 Q1

85

86

16,707

223

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

125

124

16,976

216

0.96

(0.77-1.18)

1.00

(0.80-1.24)

 Q3

160

159

17,320

213

0.93

(0.75-1.15)

0.99

(0.79-1.24)

 Q4

220

216

16,806

215

0.96

(0.78-1.19)

1.06

(0.82-1.38)

 p for trendb

    

0.69

  

0.71

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.99

(0.92-1.06)

1.02

(0.94-1.10)

Raw vegetables d

 Q1

8

11

16,680

221

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

24

29

16,982

217

0.95

(0.77-1.17)

1.04

(0.84-1.29)

 Q3

39

45

17,014

235

1.02

(0.83-1.25)

1.12

(0.90-1.39)

 Q4

67

72

17,134

194

0.85

(0.68-1.05)

0.96

(0.75-1.22)

 p for trendb

    

0.23

  

0.94

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.96

(0.90-1.03)

0.99

(0.93-1.07)

Legumes d

 Q1

13

11

16,934

203

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

24

21

17,036

217

1.09

(0.88-1.35)

1.11

(0.90-1.38)

 Q3

36

32

17,055

214

1.07

(0.86-1.32)

1.08

(0.87-1.35)

 Q4

57

52

16,784

233

1.20

(0.97-1.48)

1.21

(0.97-1.52)

 p for trendb

    

0.13

  

0.14

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

1.05

(0.98-1.13)

1.06

(0.98-1.14)

Brassica vegetables d

 Q1

12

12

16,718

228

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

24

23

17,043

214

0.94

(0.76-1.16)

0.95

(0.77-1.18)

 Q3

35

33

17,162

205

0.88

(0.71-1.09)

0.89

(0.71-1.11)

 Q4

54

53

16,888

220

0.97

(0.79-1.20)

1.01

(0.81-1.27)

 p for trendb

    

0.68

  

0.92

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.99

(0.92-1.06)

0.99

(0.92-1.07)

Allium vegetables d

 Q1

6

4

18,455

240

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

19

20

15,155

199

1.04

(0.84-1.28)

1.07

(0.86-1.33)

 Q3

31

33

17,224

195

0.91

(0.74-1.12)

0.94

(0.75-1.16)

 Q4

55

55

16,975

233

1.06

(0.87-1.31)

1.14

(0.91-1.42)

 p for trendb

    

0.84

  

0.48

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

1.01

(0.94-1.08)

1.03

(0.96-1.10)

Leafy vegetables, cooked d

 Q1

5

5

16,925

232

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

15

15

16,985

211

0.89

(0.72-1.09)

0.89

(0.72-1.11)

 Q3

24

24

17,051

218

0.95

(0.77-1.17)

0.99

(0.80-1.22)

 Q4

39

38

16,849

206

0.90

(0.72-1.10)

0.92

(0.74-1.15)

 p for trendb

    

0.40

  

0.68

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.97

(0.91-1.04)

0.99

(0.92-1.06)

Leafy vegetables, raw d

 Q1

1

1

12,911

197

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

4

4

15,347

217

0.96

(0.77-1.20)

0.98

(0.78-1.22)

 Q3

9

9

21,890

252

0.77

(0.62-0.95)

0.80

(0.64-0.99)

 Q4

20

20

17,661

201

0.77

(0.61-0.96)

0.82

(0.64-1.03)

 p for trendb

    

0.004

  

0.03

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.90

(0.84-0.97)

0.92

(0.85-0.99)

Total fruits e

 Q1

41

74

16,675

236

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

109

144

16,980

216

0.88

(0.71-1.09)

0.94

(0.76-1.16)

 Q3

165

210

17,040

205

0.81

(0.66-1.00)

0.92

(0.74-1.15)

 Q4

270

326

17,115

210

0.82

(0.66-1.01)

0.94

(0.75-1.17)

 p for trendb

    

0.05

  

0.56

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

0.93

(0.87-0.99)

0.98

(0.91-1.05)

Citrus fruits e

 Q1

0

6

16,947

222

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Q2

15

36

17,118

213

0.93

(0.75-1.15)

0.98

(0.79-1.21)

 Q3

52

83

16,845

180

0.77

(0.62-0.96)

0.85

(0.68-1.06)

 Q4

115

167

16,900

252

1.07

(0.87-1.31)

1.15

(0.93-1.42)

 p for trendb

    

0.84

  

0.37

  

 Continuous, 25 g per day increments

  

67,810

867

1.01

(0.94-1.08)

1.03

(0.96-1.11)

  1. aAnalyses were adjusted for age at baseline (years), sex, cigarette smoking status (never/ever), frequency (continuous; centered), and duration (continuous; centered). Additionally adjusted for cigarette smoking status (never/ever), and duration (continuous; centered) as time-varying covariates
  2. bTests for dose-response trends were assessed by fitting ordinal variables as continuous terms in the Cox proportional hazards model
  3. cAdditionally adjusted for total fruit consumption (grams per day; continuous)
  4. dAdditionally adjusted for total vegetable and fruit consumption (grams per day; continuous)
  5. eAdditionally adjusted for total vegetable consumption (grams per day; continuous)
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