Table 2 The association between end-of-life healthcare expenditures and economic status in cancer patients

Economic status

 Low

1.019

0.954

1.090

0.5700

0.987

0.906

1.076

0.7657

1.070

0.985

1.162

0.1097

 Mid

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

 High

1.095

1.044

1.149

0.0002

1.098

1.027

1.174

0.0059

1.123

1.051

1.199

0.0006

Sex

 Male

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

 Female

0.953

0.910

0.998

0.0386

0.954

0.899

1.013

0.1219

0.960

0.899

1.025

0.2257

Age (years)

  ~ 69

1.452

1.321

1.596

<.0001

1.849

1.617

2.115

<.0001

1.214

1.072

1.375

0.0023

 70 ~ 74

1.318

1.245

1.395

<.0001

1.545

1.433

1.665

<.0001

1.174

1.089

1.266

<.0001

 75 ~ 79

1.166

1.104

1.232

<.0001

1.260

1.172

1.356

<.0001

1.067

0.988

1.152

0.0965

 80~

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

Type of insurance coverage^a

 NHI (self-employed)

1.030

0.981

1.081

0.2306

1.069

1.000

1.143

0.0509

1.016

0.956

1.079

0.6171

 NHI (employees)

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

Types of cancer which diagnosed

 Gastric cancer

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

 Colorectal cancer

0.952

0.897

1.011

0.1060

1.058

0.981

1.142

0.1450

0.919

0.844

1.001

0.0536

 Hepatocellular carcinoma

1.027

0.964

1.094

0.4110

1.151

1.060

1.250

0.0008

1.004

0.916

1.101

0.9293

 Lung cancer

1.073

1.012

1.139

0.0190

1.273

1.178

1.376

<.0001

0.978

0.903

1.059

0.5827

Survival time (from first diagnosis)

 1y ~ 2y

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

 2y ~ 3y

1.006

0.953

1.062

0.8351

1.099

0.968

1.249

0.1456

0.832

0.732

0.944

0.0045

 3y ~ 4y

0.966

0.905

1.030

0.2858

1.111

0.977

1.262

0.1078

0.828

0.732

0.937

0.0028

 4y ~ 5y

1.042

0.967

1.123

0.2783

0.970

0.851

1.107

0.6536

0.838

0.730

0.961

0.0118

 5y+

1.108

1.004

1.224

0.0422

1.050

0.912

1.209

0.4970

0.907

0.782

1.053

0.1999

Charlson Comorbidity Index

  ~ 2

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

 3 ~ 5

1.128

1.036

1.229

0.0058

1.013

0.910

1.128

0.8165

1.192

1.062

1.338

0.0028

 6~

1.373

1.275

1.478

<.0001

1.480

1.350

1.622

<.0001

1.276

1.151

1.414

<.0001

Residing area

 Capital area

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

 Metropolitan

1.148

1.092

1.207

<.0001

1.159

1.087

1.235

<.0001

1.167

1.089

1.250

<.0001

 Others

0.989

0.936

1.045

0.6889

1.011

0.935

1.093

0.7882

1.009

0.937

1.087

0.8131

Types of main treatment institution

 General hospital

4.415

3.659

5.328

<.0001

3.672

3.107

4.340

<.0001

4.123

3.262

5.211

<.0001

 Hospital

2.372

1.952

2.882

<.0001

1.861

1.533

2.261

<.0001

2.278

1.788

2.901

<.0001

 Long-term care hospital

2.092

1.722

2.542

<.0001

1.694

1.400

2.048

<.0001

1.740

1.362

2.222

<.0001

 Clinic

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

1.000

–

–

–

LOS (per day)

1.010

1.009

1.010

<.0001

1.018

1.017

1.018

<.0001

1.031

1.030

1.032

<.0001

Timing at death (per year)

1.009

0.998

1.021

0.1100

1.022

1.006

1.038

0.0083

1.007

0.992

1.022

0.3872