Fig. 5

Schematic illustration of effects of drugs for dyslipidaemia. Aromatase inhibitor (AI) selects for acquired amplification of the CYP19A1 (aromatase) gene and promotes local autocrine oestrogen signalling in patients with AI-resistant breast cancer. Aromatase is expressed from the stroma, including adipose tissue or cancer-associated fibroblasts; hence, serum lipid control by treatment for dyslipidaemia may modulate components of the tumour immune microenvironment and suppress the growth of AI-resistant breast cancer cells