Fig. 5

TGF-β1 enhances cancer cell stemness in SYT-SSX1 cells. A Morphological observations of sphere formation in SYT-SSX1 cells following treatment with 0, 10, or 20 ng/mL rhTGF-β1 for 36 h. The number and volume of spheres, and sphere-forming rate were calculated. B Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of the CSC surface marker, CD133, on sphere cells of SYT-SSX1 following rhTGF-β1 (0, 10 or 20 ng/mL) treatment for 36 h. C-D Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of the CSC surface markers Nanog, SOX-2, and OCT-4 on sphere cells of SYT-SSX1 following rhTGF-β1 (0, 10 or 20 ng/mL) for 36 h. All experiments were repeated at least three times. Error bars represent the means ± SD. β-actin served as an internal control. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001