Fig. 2

Changes in the numerical rating scale (NRS) scores over time. The NRS score of oral pain evaluation immediately before using Episil® (baseline) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min after its application. The graph shows data representing the mean ± standard deviation values. NRS scores tend to decrease over time. There are significant differences in the oral pain score between baseline and 30, 60, and 120 min after application. **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001