Table 3 Surgical outcomes, pathological findings, and adjuvant chemotherapy
Characteristic | Before PSM | After PSM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All n = 227 (%) | Double-agent n = 91 (%) | Triple-agent n = 136 (%) | p-value | All n = 140 (%) | Double-agent n = 70 (%) | Triple-agent n = 70 (%) | p-value | |
Laparoscopic | ||||||||
 No | 41 (18.1) | 10 (11.0) | 31 (22.8) | 0.037 | 29 (20.7) | 10 (14.3) | 19 (27.1) | 0.095 |
 Yes | 186 (81.9) | 81 (89.0) | 105 (77.2) | 111 (79.3) | 60 (85.7) | 51 (72.9) | ||
Resection extend | ||||||||
 Distal | 93 (41.0) | 45 (49.5) | 48 (35.3) | 0.047 | 59 (42.1) | 31 (44.3) | 28 (40.0) | 0.732 |
 Total | 134 (59.0) | 46 (50.5) | 88 (64.7) | 81 (57.9) | 39 (55.7) | 42 (60.0) | ||
R0 resection | ||||||||
 R0 | 202 (89.0) | 82 (90.1) | 120 (88.2) | 0.829 | 124 (88.6) | 62 (88.6) | 62 (88.6) | 1 |
 R1 or R2 | 25 (11.0) | 9 (9.9) | 16 (11.8) | 16 (11.4) | 8 (11.4) | 8 (11.4) | ||
Complicationsa | ||||||||
 Overall | 45 (19.82) | 8 (8.8) | 37 (27.2) | 0.001 | 23 (16.4) | 4 (5.7) | 19 (27.1) | 0.001 |
 Abdominal infection | 15 (6.6) | 1 (1.1) | 14 (10.3) | 0.014 | 8 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (11.1) | 0.011 |
 Anastomotic leakage | 12 (5.3) | 1 (1.1) | 11 (8.1) | 0.045 | 7 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (10.0) | 0.020 |
 Digestive obstruction | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
 Pneumonia | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1 |
 Bleeding | 5 (2.2) | 2 (2.2) | 3 (2.2) | 1 | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1 |
 Arrhythmia | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 1 |
 Pleural effusion | 7 (3.1) | 1 (1.1) | 6 (4.4) | 0.306 | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 0.612 |
Tumor regression grade | ||||||||
 Grade 0(complete response) | 32 (14.1) | 10 (11.0) | 22 (16.2) | 0.686 | 19 (13.6) | 8 (11.4) | 11 (15.7) | 0.642 |
 Grade 1(major response) | 37 (16.3) | 14 (15.4) | 23 (16.9) | 24 (17.1) | 10 (14.3) | 14 (20.0) | ||
 Grade 2(moderate response) | 128 (56.4) | 54 (59.3) | 74 (54.4) | 79 (56.4) | 42 (60.0) | 37 (52.9) | ||
 Grade 3(minor response) | 30 (13.2) | 13 (14.3) | 17 (12.5) | 18 (12.9) | 10 (14.3) | 8 (11.4) | ||
Pathological T stage | ||||||||
 T0 | 35 (15.4) | 10 (11.0) | 25 (18.4) | 0.240 | 20 (14.3) | 8 (11.4) | 12 (17.1) | 0.783 |
 T1 | 25 (11.0) | 11 (12.1) | 14 (10.3) | 15 (10.7) | 8 (11.4) | 7 (10.0) | ||
 T2 | 23 (10.1) | 13 (14.3) | 10 (7.4) | 17 (12.1) | 10 (14.3) | 7 (10.0) | ||
 T3 | 137 (60.4) | 56 (61.5) | 81 (59.6) | 85 (60.7) | 43 (61.4) | 42 (60.0) | ||
 T4a | 6 (2.6) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (3.7) | 3 (2.1) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.9) | ||
 T4b | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | ||
Pathological N stage | ||||||||
 N0 | 107 (47.1) | 50 (54.9) | 57 (41.9) | 0.183 | 73 (52.1) | 40 (57.1) | 33 (47.1) | 0.723 |
 N1 | 48 (21.1) | 17 (18.7) | 31 (22.8) | 25 (17.9) | 12 (17.1) | 13 (18.6) | ||
 N2 | 38 (16.7) | 12 (13.2) | 26 (19.1) | 21 (15.0) | 10 (14.3) | 11 (15.7) | ||
 N3a | 7 (3.1) | 4 (4.4) | 3 (2.2) | 5 (3.6) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (4.3) | ||
 N3b | 18 (7.9) | 7 (7.7) | 11 (8.1) | 11 (7.9) | 5 (7.1) | 6 (8.6) | ||
Positive lymph nodes | 1 [0,4] | 0 [0,3] | 1 [0,5] | 0.082 | 0[0, 4] | 0 [0, 2] | 1 [0, 5] | 0.205 |
Harvested lymph nodes | 28 [19,37] | 28 [22,37.50] | 28 [19,36.25] | 0.793 | 28.5 [19, 38.25] | 28 [20.25, 38] | 29.5 [19, 39.75] | 0.987 |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | ||||||||
 None | 16 (7.0) | 6 (6.6) | 10 (7.4) | 0.329 | 10 (7.1) | 6 (8.6) | 4 (5.7) | 0.288 |
 Single agent regimen | 24 (10.6) | 13 (14.3) | 11 (8.1) | 15 (10.7) | 10 (14.3) | 5 (7.1) | ||
 Multiple agents regimen | 187 (82.4) | 72 (79.1) | 115 (84.6) | 115 (82.1) | 54 (77.1) | 61 (87.1) | ||