Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of associations with axillary web syndrome
Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age at surgery | ||||
 - > =50 years | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 - < 50 years | 2.93 (1.13–7.59) | 0.027 | 3.51 (1.12–11.0) | 0.031 |
Ethnicity | ||||
 - Chinese | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 - Malay | 2.16 (0.540–8.66) | 0.216 | 2.27 (0.421–12.3) | 0.340 |
 - Indian | 2.70 (0.163–44.8) | 0.487 | 0.685 (0.028–16.9) | 0.817 |
Duration post surgery | ||||
 - 1 year | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 - 2 years | 0.800 (0.338–1.90) | 0.612 | 1.30 (0.436–3.90) | 0.636 |
 - 3 years | 0.333 (0.066–1.67) | 0.182 | 0.295 (0.043–2.03) | 0.215 |
Affected upper extremity | ||||
 - Left | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 - Right | 0.732 (0.320–1.68) | 0.460 | 0.985 (0.340–2.85) | 0.977 |
Type of breast cancer surgery | ||||
 - Breast conserving surgery | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 - Simple mastectomy | 0.924 (0.358–2.39) | 0.871 | 0.359 (0.103–1.25) | 0.106 |
 - Simple mastectomy with reconstruction | 1.70 (0.470–6.18) | 0.418 | 0.759 (0.148–3.89) | 0.740 |
Axillary procedure | ||||
 - SLNB | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 - ALND | 4.27 (1.65–11.0) | 0.003 | 6.54 (1.36–31.3) | 0.019 |
Adjunctive therapy | ||||
 - Chemotherapy | 1.29 (0.488–3.43) | 0.606 | 0.498 (0.139–1.79) | 0.285 |
 - Radiotherapy | 1.74 (0.713–4.25) | 0.224 | 1.01 (0.304–3.32) | 0.993 |
Stage of cancer | ||||
 - I | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |  |
 - II | 2.43 (0.954–6.21) | 0.063 | 1.13 (0.282–4.52) | 0.864 |
 - III | 4.63 (0.950–22.5) | 0.058 | 2.68 (0.312–23.1) | 0.369 |
Presence of pain | 1.68 (0.722–3.91) | 0.228 | 1.59 (0.561–4.51) | 0.383 |
Presence of lymphedema | 1.36 (0.563–3.27) | 0.496 | 0.849 (0.253–2.85) | 0.791 |