Table 2 Association of precancerous conditions, abnormal gastric biopsy, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia with demographic and clinical characteristics of the dyspeptic patients
Categorical variable | Precancerous conditions (n = 585) | P-value | Abnormal gastric biopsy (n = 585) | P-value | Atrophy (n = 585) | P-value | Metaplasia (n = 585) | P-value | Dysplasia (n = 585) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 122) | No (n = 463) | Yes (n = 103) | No (n = 482) | Yes (n = 74) | No (n = 511) | Yes (n = 89) | No (n = 496) | Yes (n = 46) | No (n = 539) | ||||||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
Age (years) | |||||||||||||||
  < = 40 | 7 (5.7) | 208 (44.9) | 0.001 | 59 (57.3) | 156 (32.4) | 0.001 | 2 (2.7) | 213 (41.7) | 0.001 | 5 (5.6) | 210 (42.3) | 0.001 | 2 (4.3) | 213 (39.5) | 0.001 |
 41–50 | 33 (27.1) | 91 (19.7) | 16 (15.5) | 107 (22.4) | 13 (17.6) | 111 (21.7) | 19 (21.3) | 105 (21.2) | 16 (34.8) | 108 (20.0) | |||||
 51–60 | 34 (27.9) | 89 (19.2) | 16 (15.5) | 108 (22.2) | 22 (29.7) | 101 (19.8) | 24 (27.0) | 99 (20.0) | 9 (19.6) | 114 (21.2) | |||||
  > = 61 | 48 (39.3) | 75 (16.2) | 12 (11.7) | 111 (23.0) | 37 (50.0) | 86 (16.8) | 41 (46.1) | 82 (16.5) | 19 (41.3) | 104 (19.3) | |||||
Sex | |||||||||||||||
 Female (n = 397) | 76 (62.3) | 321 (69.3) | 0.15 | 78 (75.7) | 319 (66.2) | 0.06 | 41 (55.4) | 356 (69.7) | 0.01 | 52 (58.4) | 345 (69.6) | 0.04 | 32 (69.6) | 365 (67.7) | 0.79 |
 Male (n = 188) | 46 (37.7) | 142 (30.7) | 25 (24.3) | 163 (33.8) | 33 (44.6) | 155 (30.3) | 37 (41.6) | 151 (30.4) | 14 (30.4) | 174 (32.3) | |||||
Smoking | |||||||||||||||
 Yes (n = 112) | 25 (20.5) | 87 (18.8) | 0.69 | 16 (15.5) | 96 (19.9) | 0.38 | 17 (23.0) | 95 (18.6) | 0.37 | 20 (22.5) | 92 (18.5) | 0.39 | 9 (19.6) | 103 (19.1) | 0.94 |
 No (n = 473) | 97 (79.5) | 376 (81.2) | 87 (84.5) | 386 (80.1) | 57 (77.0) | 416 (81.4) | |||||||||
69 (77.5) | 404 (81.5) | 37 (80.4) | 436 (80.9) | ||||||||||||
Addiction* | |||||||||||||||
 Yes (n = 146) | 43 (35.2) | 103 (22.2) | 0.003 | 19 (18.4) | 127 (26.3) | 0.09 | 30 (40.5) | 116 (22.7) | 0.001 | 35 (39.3) | 111 (22.4) | 0.001 | 17 (36.9) | 129 (23.9) | 0.05 |
 No (n = 439) | 79 (64.8) | 360 (77.8) | 84 (81.6) | 355 (73.7) | 44 (59.5) | 395 (77.3) | 54 (60.7) | 385 (77.6) | 29 (63.1) | 410 (76.1) | |||||
Alcohol consumption | |||||||||||||||
 Yes (n = 50) | 11 (9.0) | 39 (8.4) | 0.85 | 8 (7.8) | 42 (8.7) | 0.85 | 6 (8.1) | 44 (8.6) | 0.88 | 6 (6.7) | 44 (8.9) | 0.86 | 3 (6.5) | 47 (8.7) | 0.78 |
 No (n = 535) | 111 (81.0) | 424 (91.6) | 95 (92.2) | 440 (91.3) | 68 (91.9) | 467 (91.4) | 83 (93.3) | 452 (91.1) | 43 (93.5) | 492 (91.3) | |||||
NSAID use | |||||||||||||||
 Yes (n = 173) | 18 (14.7) | 155 (33.5) | 0.001 | 27 (26.2) | 146 (30.3) | 0.47 | 11 (14.9) | 162 (31.7) | 0.003 | 13 (14.6) | 160 (32.3) | 0.001 | 6 (13.0) | 167 (31.0) | 0.01 |
 No (n = 412) | 104 (85.3) | 308 (66.5) | 76 (73.8) | 336 (69.7) | 63 (85.1) | 349 (68.3) | 76 (85.4) | 336 (67.7) | 46 (87.0) | 372 (69.0) | |||||
Aspirin use | |||||||||||||||
 Yes (n = 88) | 15 (12.3) | 73 (15.8) | 0.39 | 15 (14.6) | 73 (15.1) | 1.0 | 13 (17.6) | 75 (14.7) | 0.51 | 8 (9.0) | 80 (16.1) | 0.08 | 6 (13.0) | 82 (15.2) | 0.69 |
 No (n = 497) | 107 (87.7) | 390 (84.2) | 88 (85.4) | 409 (84.9) | 61 (82.4) | 436 (85.3) | 81 (91.0) | 416 (83.9) | 40 (87.0) | 457 (84.8) | |||||
Diabetes (types I and II) | |||||||||||||||
 Yes (n = 99) | 20 (16.4) | 79 (17.1) | 1.0 | 13 (12.6) | 86 (17.8) | 0.25 | 15 (20.3) | 84 (16.4) | 0.41 | 18 (20.2) | 81 (16.3) | 0.37 | 6 (13.0) | 93 (17.3) | 0.46 |
 No (n = 486) | 102 (83.6) | 384 (82.9) | 90 (87.4) | 396 (82.2) | 59 (79.7) | 427 (83.6) | 71 (79.8) | 415 (83.7) | 40 (87.0) | 446 (82.7) | |||||
H. pylori infection | |||||||||||||||
 Yes (n = 469) | 114 (93.4) | 355 (76.7) | 0.001 | 52 (50.5) | 417 (86.5) | 0.001 | 68 (91.9) | 401 (78.5) | 0.007 | 83 (93.3) | 383 (77.8) | 0.001 | 42 (91.3) | 427 (79.2) | 0.048 |
 No (n = 116) | 8 (6.6) | 108 (23.3) | 51 (49.5) | 65 (13.5) | 6 (8.1) | 110 (21.5) | 6 (6.7) | 110 (22.2) | 4 (8.7) | 112 (20.8) | |||||
Dyspepsia pattern | |||||||||||||||
 EPS (n = 245) | 50 (41.0) | 195 (42.1) | 0.99 | 46 (44.7) | 199 (41.3) | 0.45 | 31 (41.9) | 214 (41.9) | 0.99 | 37 (41.6) | 208 (41.9) | 0.99 | 17 (37.0) | 228 (42.3) | 0.46 |
 Flatulence (n = 143) | 30 (24.6) | 113 (24.4) | 20 (19.4) | 123 (25.5) | 18 (24.3) | 125 (24.5) | 22 (24.7) | 121 (24.4) | 9 (19.6) | 134 (24.9) | |||||
 Early satiation (n = 48) | 11 (9.0) | 37 (8.0) | 6 (5.8) | 42 (8.7) | 7 (9.5) | 41 (8.0) | 7 (7.9) | 41 (8.3) | 6 (13.0) | 42 (7.8) | |||||
 PF (n = 48) | 10 (8.2) | 38 (8.2) | 9 (8.2) | 39 (8.2) | 6 (8.1) | 42 (8.2) | 8 (9.0) | 40 (8.1) | 6 (13.0) | 42 (7.8) | |||||
 Reflux (n = 101) | 21 (17.2) | 80 (17.3) | 22 (21.4) | 79 (16.4) | 12 (16.2) | 89 (17.4) | 15 (16.9) | 86 (17.3) | 8 (17.4) | 93 (17.3) | |||||
Endoscopic findings | |||||||||||||||
 Normal (n = 121) | 5 (4.1) | 116 (25.0) | 0.001 | 5 (4.1) | 116 (25.0) | 0.001 | 2 (2.7) | 119 (23.3) | 0.001 | 5 (5.6) | 116 (23.4) | 0.001 | 2 (4.3) | 119 (22.1) | 0.001 |
 Erythema (n = 176) | 23 (18.8) | 153 (33.1) | 23 (18.8) | 153 (33.1) | 10 (13.5) | 166 (32.5) | 12 (13.5) | 164 (33.1) | 12 (26.1) | 164 (30.4) | |||||
 M o/s (n = 151) | 33 (27.1) | 118 (25.5) | 33 (27.1) | 118 (25.5) | 18 (24.3) | 133 (26.0) | 20 (22.5) | 131 (26.4) | 12 (26.1) | 139 (25.8) | |||||
 Erosion (n = 68) | 18 (14.7) | 50 (10.8) | 18 (14.7) | 50 (10.8) | 11 (14.9) | 57 (11.2) | 17 (19.1) | 51 (10.3) | 6 (13.0) | 62 (11.5) | |||||
 GDU (n = 36) | 21 (17.2) | 15 (3.2) | 21 (17.2) | 15 (3.2) | 12 (16.2) | 24 (4.7) | 16 (18.0) | 20 (4.0) | 7 (15.2) | 29 (5.4) | |||||
 Atrophy (n = 33) | 22 (18.1) | 11 (2.4) | 22 (18.1) | 11 (2.4) | 21 (28.4) | 12 (2.3) | 19 (21.3) | 14 (2.8) | 7 (15.2) | 26 (4.8) | |||||
FHGC | |||||||||||||||
 None (n = 397) | 89 (73.0) | 308 (66.5) | 0.77 | 75 (72.8) | 322 (66.8) | 0.012 | 50 (67.6) | 347 (67.9) | 0.87 | 61 (68.5) | 336 (67.7) | 0.98 | 38 (82.6) | 359 (66.6) | 0.53 |
 GC (n = 69) | 12 (9.9) | 57 (12.3) | 13 (12.6) | 56 (11.6) | 7 (9.5) | 62 (12.1) | 11 (12.4) | 58 (11.7) | 3 (6.5) | 66 (12.2) | |||||
 IC (n = 1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |||||
 CC (n = 81) | 17 (13.9) | 64 (13.8) | 5 (4.9) | 76 (15.8) | 14 (18.9) | 67 (13.1) | 13 (14.6) | 68 (13.7) | 4 (8.7) | 77 (14.3) | |||||
 OC (n = 12) | 2 (1.6) | 10 (2.2) | 2 (1.9) | 10 (2.1) | 1 (1.4) | 11 (2.2) | 2 (2.2) | 10 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (2.2) | |||||
 LC (n = 14) | 1 (0.8) | 13 (2.8) | 4 (3.9) | 10 (2.1) | 1 (1.4) | 13 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) | 13 (2.6) | 1 (2.2) | 13 (2.4) | |||||
 PC (n = 11) | 1 (0.8) | 10 (2.2) | 3 (2.9) | 8 (1.7) | 1 (1.4) | 10 (2.0) | 1 (1.1) | 10 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (2.0) | |||||
FHNGC | |||||||||||||||
 None (n = 504) | 112 (91.8) | 392 (84.7) | 0.12 | 81 (78.6) | 423 (87.8) | 0.04 | 66 (89.2) | 438 (85.7) | 0.15 | 81 (91.0) | 423 (85.3) | 0.15 | 42 (91.3) | 462 (85.7) | 0.64 |
 Breast (n = 34) | 2 (1.6) | 32 (6.9) | 8 (7.8) | 26 (5.4) | 1 (1.4) | 33 (6.5) | 1 (1.1) | 33 (6.7) | 2 (4.3) | 32 (5.9) | |||||
 Cervical (n = 6) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (1.1) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (0.8) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.1) | |||||
 Ovarian (n = 6) | 2 (1.6) | 4 (0.9) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (0.8) | 2 (2.7) | 4 (0.8) | 2 (2.2) | 4 (0.8) | 1 (2.2) | 5 (0.9) | |||||
 Bladder (n = 4) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (1.4) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.7) | |||||
 Kidney (n = 6) | 1 (0.8) | 4 (0.9) | 3 (2.9) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.0) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (0.7) | |||||
 Haematological (n = 12) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (2.6) | 2 (1.9) | 10 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (2.2) | |||||
 Pulmonary (n = 14) | 3 (2.5) | 11 (2.4) | 3 (2.9) | 11 (2.3) | 2 (2.7) | 12 (2.3) | 3 (3.4) | 11 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (2.6) | |||||
Continuous variable | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P-value | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P-value | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P-value | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P-value | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | P-value |
Age (years) | 57.8 ± 13.1 | 45.4 ± 13.7 | 0.001 | 41.6 ± 12.6 | 49.3 ± 14.5 | 0.001 | 61.0 ± 12.6 | 46.1 ± 13.7 | 0.001 | 59.4 ± 13.2 | 45.9 ± 13.7 | 0.001 | 58.6 ± 14.3 | 47.1 ± 14.1 | 0.001 |
Haemoglobin (Hgb) | 13.3 ± 1.6 | 13.3 ± 1.5 | 0.48 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 13.3 ± 1.5 | 0.62 | 12.9 ± 1.5 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 0.14 | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 0.12 | 13.4 ± 1.6 | 13.3 ± 1.5 | 0.48 |
25(OH)D3 vitamin | 21.7 ± 13.0 | 18.1 ± 11.2 | 0.002 | 18.0 ± 11.5 | 19.0 ± 11.7 | 0.27 | 20.8 ± 12.4 | 18.5 ± 11.6 | 0.14 | 22.3 ± 13.7 | 18.2 ± 11.2 | 0.004 | 21.9 ± 11.2 | 18.6 ± 11.7 | 0.013 |