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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Effect of cachexia on bone turnover in cancer patients: a case-control study

 

All

(n = 52)

Cancer Cachexia (n = 31)

Cancer

(n = 21)

p

Age a

64.3 (±8.5)

64.3 (±8.3)

64.4 (±9.1)

0.9

Stage III and IV, n (%)

36 (69.2)

22 (71)

14 (67)

0.7

Bone Metastases, n (%)

8 (15.4)

3 (9.7)

5 (24)

0.2

Tumor Type*

   

0.1

Lung, n (%)

38 (73)

19 (61.2)

19 (90.4)

 

Gastrointestinal, n (%)

8 (15.4)

7 (22.6)

1 (4.8)

 

Hematological, n (%)

3 (5.8)

3 (9.7)

0 (0)

 

Other, n (%)

3 (5.8)

2 (6.5)

1 (4.,8)

 

Anthropometric and BIA parameters

 BMI, kg/m2 a

26.1 (±5.1)

25.6 (±4.8)

28 (±5.1)

0.04

 BMI > 25 kg/m2, n (%)

33 (63.5)

16 (51.6)

17 (81%)

0.04

 Waist circumference, cma

100.8 (±14)

98.6 (±14)

104 (±14)

0.2

 Weight, kg a

80 (±17.2)

76.3 (±17)

85.6 (±16)

0.05

 Weight loss, % c

6.5 (0–32)

10.1 (5–32)

0 (0–4)

0.0001

 Fat mass, kg a

20 (±9.6)

18.5 (±9.8)

22.4 (±9.2)

0.17

 Total body water, kg a

43.9 (± 6.6)

42.8 (± 6.6)

45.7 (± 6.3)

0.1

 ECW/ICW a

0.76(± 0.06)

0.76 (± 0.05)

0.75 (± 0.07)

0.4

 BCM, kg a

29.4 (±4.9)

28 (±4.4)

31.5 (± 5.1)

0.014

 Phase angle a

5.7 (±1.1)

5.4 (±1.1)

6.3 (±0.9)

0.005

 SMI, kg/m2 a

18 (±2.53)

17.9 (±2.47)

18.3 (±2.67)

0.5

 SMI < 14.6 kg/m2, n (%)

5 (9.6)

3 (9.6)

2 (9.5)

0.9

Laboratory parameters

 eGFR mL/min b

96.7 (79–107)

89.7 (77–109)

103 (86–107)

0.09

 CRP mg/dL b

1.1 (0.4–4.1)

2 (0.6–5.5)

0.6 (0.3–1.6)

0.01

 CRP > 1 mg/dl, n (%)

27 (52)

19 (61.3)

8 (38.1)

0.1

 Albumin g/L b

36.3 (33–41)

33.9 (29–39)

39 (35–41.7)

0.009

 Albumin < 35 g/L, n (%)

21 (40.3)

16 (51)

5 (23.8)

0.04

 CHE, U/L a

6253 (± 1984)

5629 (± 2072)

7074 (± 1512)

0.009

 CHE < 5000 U/L, n (%)

11 (21.2)

10 (32.3)

1 (4.8)

0.02

 ALP, U/L b

81.5 (63–102)

84 (72–112)

68 (60–87)

0.03

 GGT, U/L b

36 (28–67)

37 (29–79)

31 (22–49)

0.09

 Hemoglobin g/dL b

14 (12–15)

13 (12–14)

14.5 (14–15.6)

0.003

 Hemoglobin < 12,5 g/dL, n (%)

13 (25)

11 (35.5)

2 (9.5)

0.03

 Lymphocytes G/L b

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

1.4 (1–1.9)

1.6 (1.2–2.3)

0.2

  1. Abbreviations: BIA bioimpedance analysis, BMI body mass index, ECW extracellular water, ICW intracellular water, BCM body cell mass, SMI skeletal muscle index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP C-reactive protein, CHE cholinesterase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma glutamyl transferase
  2. amean ± SD.
  3. bmedian and interquartile range, 25–75th percentile.
  4. cmedian and minimum/maximum values.
  5. *gastrointestinal (GI) cancer included lower GI (2), higher GI (2), pancreato-biliary (4) tumor; hematological tumor included two myeloma and one chronic lymphocytic leukemia; other were one oropharynx, one mesothelioma and one prostate cancer.