Table 3 List of studies on rate of diagnostic surgeries after preoperative CST with study populations of at least 10 PCNSL patients

Haldorsen et al. [17]

45

1989–1998

36

8 (22%)

9

0 (0%)

nsf

Porter et al. [11]

107

1985–2005

68

8 (12%)

39

5 (13%)

nsf

Manoj et al. [13]

72

1991–2010

26

5 (19%)

46

0 (0%)

0.005

Shaw et al. [12]^{, a}

67

2000–2010

57

4 (7%)

10

0 (0%)

nsf

Binnahil et al. [14]^{, b}

20

2007–2013

15

0 (0%)

5

0 (0%)

–

Velasco et al. [16]

280

2005–2014

175

20 (11%)

105

4 (4%)

0.045

present study

143

2004–2018

70

2 (3%)

73

2 (3%)

nsf

Bullis et al. [15]

54

2009–2018

18

1 (6%)

36

0 (0%)

nsf

Total

788

465

48 (10.3%)

323

11 (3.4%)

< 0.001