Fig. 5From: Viral hepatitis associated hepatocellular carcinoma on the African continent, the past, present, and future: a systematic reviewA box and whiskers plot of the prevalence of HBV and HCV in hepatocellular carcinoma patients over four decades in Africa, between 1980 and 2019. HBV (blue box) prevalence among HCC cases decreased significantly while HCV (orange box) prevalence in the HCC cases increased over the study period (1980–2019). The box represents the mean estimate (prevalence), and whiskers correspond to the error margin (HBV = 3.5%, HCV = 3.3%) around the estimated meanBack to article page