Table 2 Key Findings and Implications for Future Research and Practice

Future research should:

• put greater emphasis on reporting aspects of external validity such as representativeness, setting characteristics, staff level characteristics, and implementation cost.

• be underpinned or guided by an implementation framework.

• utilise rigorous pragmatic designs with adequately powered samples and longer follow-up periods.

• report the impact of implementation at the system, health professional and cancer survivor level.

Intervention developers should:

• consider sources of ongoing funding and endeavour to use existing resources (staff, equipment, infrastructure, etc.) to deliver implementation efforts.

Clinical leaders should:

• endeavour to build clinician awareness and knowledge of evidenced-based CRF management and assessment strategies through the provision of educational training and resources.

• seek regular engagement with clinical staff and relevant stakeholder groups to identify potential/existing enablers or barriers to clinical change and to tailor implementation efforts to specific contexts.

• place emphasis on the allocation of clinician resources within settings, the provision of time management support to clinicians (e.g., reallocation of work tasks, adjustment of procedures to fit clinician schedule, adjustment of clinician schedule to fit procedures) and the identification of ‘clinical champions’ or opinion leaders, to encourage peer behaviour change and compliance with the recommended CRF management and assessment practices.