Table 3 A summary of studies of the risk of cancer in tuberculosis (TB) patients compared with the general population

Kuo et al.

2013

Latent

Retrospective population-based study

530

7.91%

All cancers:

2.07, 95% CI, 1.90-2.26

Nonpulmonary cancer:

1.71, 95% CI: 1.54-1.90

Head and neck, Digestive tract, Skin, Bladder, Hematological malignancies

23,652,313

Simonsen et al. 2014

Active

Cohort study

15,024

11.6%

All cancers:

1.52, 95% CI 1.45-1.59; Extrapulmonary cancer: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.22-1.36

Malignant pleural mesothelioma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, ovarian, non-Hodgkin’s malignant lymphoma

25,216,835

Su et al. 2016

Latent

Retrospective

population-based study

11,522

8.46%

All cancers:

2.29, 95% CI: 1.26-4.17

Nonpulmonary cancer:

NA

Multiple myeloma, kidney, bladder, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal

26,825,880

Everatt et al. 2017

Active

Retrospective cohort study

21,986

7.2%

All cancers:

1.76, 95% CI: 1.67-1.85;

Nonpulmonary cancer:

1.41, 95% CI: 1.33-1.50

Mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, larynx, cervix uteri, leukemia, hematological cancers, “other” cancers

28,572,839

Chen et al.,

2020

Mixed

Case-control study

32,539 cases and 12,916 controls

NA

All cancers:

1.68, 95% CI: 1.43-1.97;

Nonpulmonary cancer:

1.72, 95% CI: 1.46-2.02

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, “other” cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer

This study