Table 2 Proportion of tuberculosis (TB) and cancer risk in patients stratified by tumor site
From: Cancer risk in tuberculosis patients in a high endemic area
Cancer type (N.) | Total | Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N. of TB | % | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | N. of TB | % | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | N. of TB | % | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | |
Benign tumor (n = 12,916) | 175 | 1.35 | Reference | 26 | 3.27 | Reference | 149 | 1.23 | Reference |
Malignant cancers (n = 32,539) | 1776 | 5.46 | 1.68 (1.43–1.97) | 861 | 6.93 | 1.12 (0.79–1.60) | 915 | 4.55 | 1.83 (1.53–2.19) |
Lung cancer (n = 3968) | 223 | 5.62 | 1.44 (1.06–1.95) | 165 | 6.48 | 1.27 (0.83–1.94) | 58 | 4.08 | 1.57 (1.04–2.37) |
Adenocarcinoma (n = 2046) | 91 | 4.45 | 2.05 (1.43–2.95) | 59 | 5.58 | 1.72 (1.06–2.81) | 32 | 3.34 | 2.09 (1.28–3.41) |
Squamous cell carcinoma (n = 763) | 57 | 7.47 | 1.35 (0.82–2.22) | 50 | 7.37 | 1.53 (0.90–2.62) | 7 | 8.24 | NA |
Small cell (n = 497) | 25 | 5.03 | NA | 22 | 5.66 | NA | 3 | 2.78 | NA |
Other (n = 662) | 50 | 7.55 | 1.38 (0.87–2.18) | 34 | 8.04 | 1.44 (0.81–2.57) | 16 | 6.69 | NA |
Extrapulmonary tumor (n = 28,571) | 1553 | 5.44 | 1.72 (1.46–2.02) | 696 | 7.05 | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 857 | 4.59 | 1.88 (1.57–2.24) |
CNS (n = 287) | 11 | 3.83 | NA | 6 | 3.33 | NA | 5 | 4.67 | NA |
Thyroid (n = 4784) | 37 | 0.77 | 0.30 (.021–0.44) | 6 | 0.57 | NA | 31 | 0.83 | 0.42 (0.28–0.62) |
Head and neck (n = 799) | 53 | 6.63 | 1.52 (1.01–2.30) | 35 | 6.52 | 1.09 (0.66–1.81) | 18 | 6.87 | NA |
Digestive (n = 8722) | 641 | 7.35 | 1.33 (1.05–1.68) | 476 | 8.10 | 1.17 (0.80–1.70) | 165 | 5.80 | 1.41 (1.05–1.88) |
Esophagus (n = 1611) | 241 | 14.96 | 2.23 (1.65–3.02) | 185 | 16.53 | 2.49 (1.64–3.79) | 56 | 11.38 | 1.91 (1.24–2.95) |
Gastric-esophageal junction (n = 522) | 46 | 8.81 | 0.80 (0.48–1.33) | 38 | 8.70 | 0.69 (0.39–1.22) | 8 | 9.41 | NA |
Stomach (n = 2055) | 141 | 6.86 | 1.12 (0.80–1.56) | 111 | 7.58 | 1.04 (0.68–1.60) | 30 | 5.08 | 1.20 (0.76–1.90) |
Colon, rectum and anus (n = 2424) | 124 | 5.12 | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) | 83 | 5.79 | 0.69 (0.44–1.08) | 41 | 4.14 | 0.85 (0.55–1.29) |
Liver (n = 1316) | 53 | 4.03 | 0.50 (0.32–0.79) | 41 | 4.05 | 0.53 (0.32–0.87) | 12 | 3.96 | NA |
Biliary tract (n = 369) | 19 | 5.15 | NA | 8 | 5.44 | NA | 11 | 4.95 | NA |
Pancreas (n = 425) | 17 | 4.00 | NA | 10 | 3.82 | NA | 7 | 4.29 | NA |
Hematologic malignancies (n = 894) | 140 | 15.66 | 4.88 (3.66–6.51) | 88 | 18.14 | 4.07 (2.66–6.21) | 52 | 12.71 | 4.87 (3.39–7.01) |
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 675) | 113 | 16.74 | 4.57 (3.35–6.24) | 71 | 19.72 | 4.27 (2.74–6.66) | 42 | 13.33 | 4.21 (2.80–6.33) |
Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 122) | 20 | 16.39 | NA | 12 | 18.46 | NA | 8 | 14.04 | NA |
Multiple myeloma (n = 87) | 6 | 6.90 | NA | 4 | 7.41 | NA | 2 | 6.06 | NA |
Leukemia (n = 10) | 1 | 10.00 | NA | 1 | 16.67 | NA | 0 | 0.00 | NA |
Genitourinary (n = 5711) | 389 | 6.81 | 2.22 (1.82–2.70) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Cervix (n = 2839) | 261 | 9.19 | 3.49 (2.79–4.38) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Uterus (n = 780) | 22 | 2.82 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Ovary (n = 1045) | 56 | 5.36 | 1.88 (1.33–2.64) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Prostate (n = 277) | 16 | 5.78 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Bladder (n = 314) | 17 | 5.41 | NA | 14 | 6.06 | NA | 3 | 3.61 | NA |
Kidney (n = 456) | 17 | 3.73 | NA | 13 | 4.59 | NA | 4 | 2.31 | NA |
Skin cancer (n = 491) | 32 | 6.52 | 0.84 (0.51–1.37) | 15 | 6.05 | NA | 17 | 7.00 | NA |
Melanoma (n = 174) | 12 | 6.90 | NA | 6 | 7.06 | NA | 6 | 6.74 | NA |
Nonmelanoma (n = 317) | 20 | 6.31 | NA | 9 | 5.52 | NA | 11 | 7.14 | NA |
Bone and soft tissue (n = 718) | 21 | 2.92 | NA | 9 | 2.59 | NA | 13 | 3.50 | NA |
Breast (n = 5443) | 171 | 3.14 | 1.29 (1.02–1.62) | 0 | 0.00 | NA | 171 | 3.16 | 1.36 (1.08–1.73) |
Unknown primary (n = 181) | 16 | 8.84 | NA | 8 | 8.16 | NA | 8 | 9.64 | NA |
Other* (n = 541) | 42 | 7.76 | 1.93 (1.28–2.90) | 10 | 4.46 | NA | 32 | 10.09 | 2.41 (1.53–3.80) |