Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the systematic review

Inclusion criteria

 • Studies where an exercise intervention was offered alongside cancer care within the continuum from diagnosis to treatment with curative intent and through to survivorship

 • Studies that included people aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer

 • Studies that reported at least one implementation outcome, as per the operational definition

Exclusion criteria

 • Non-human studies

 • Studies not published in English

 • Efficacy trials (defined according to an established classification) [40] (refer to supplementary Table 2 for expanded definitions and categorisations applied in this review)

 • Studies involving patients undergoing end-of-life care (for example, palliative care)

 • Studies involving exercise interventions designed to prevent or reduce the risk of developing cancer

 • Intervention studies where exercise interventions were included within a broader healthy lifestyle program and the independent effects of exercise could not be extracted

 • Studies that did not describe an active intervention

 • Studies that describe the methodological development or testing of an instrument to measure efficacy of an exercise intervention