Fig. 3

Kaempferol regulates Akt/mTOR inactivation in a ROS-dependent manner. a Left, ROS levels in PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 cells treated with kaempferol were detected by flow cytometry; right, quantification of the mean ROS production, which is presented as the means ± SD (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). b Kaempferol treatment increased NRF2 protein levels and decreased those of KEAP1. The grouping of blots cropped from different parts of the same gel or from different gels, fields, or exposures was divided with white space. c Increased ROS levels in cells treated with kaempferol were suppressed by 10 mmol/L NAC. d After treatment with 10 mmol/L NAC for 2 h, NRF2 protein levels were decreased, while those of KEAP1 were increased. Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 was increased in PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 cells. The grouping of blots cropped from different parts of the same gel or from different gels, fields, or exposures was divided with white space