Table 1 Clinical data, histology, and tumor marker expression of primary GBM vs. secondary GSM
Tumor | Tumor genetic and molecular profile | Histological features | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
Primary GBM | GFAP positive Olig2 positive ATRX preserved IDH-1/IDH-2 WT 1p/19q no LOH MGMT promoter unmethylated STAG2 R216 mutation Ki-67 15–20% | Moderate neoplastic cellularity on eosinophilic fibrillary background. | Surgery + Concurrent chemoRT + Chemotherapy with TMZ Bevacizumab, carboplatin, olaparib |
Secondary GSM | GFAP positive Olig2 positive Ki-67 ≤ 20% P53 heterogenous expression | Spindle cell morphology, distinct glial and sarcomatous component. | Surgery + bevacizumab only |