Table 1 Basic characteristics of all eligible studies (n = 35)
Study | Country | Design | Sample size | Age (year) | Follow-up | Treatment regimes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | ||||||
Cornely 2007 | Germany | Multicenter | 602 (304 vs 240 vs 58) | (49 ± 17) vs (50 ± 17) vs (52 ± 14) | 100 days | Posaconazole 200 mg, oral suspension, thrice daily | Fluconazole 400 mg, oral suspension, once daily | Itraconazole 200 mg, oral solution, twice daily |
Cornely 2017 | Germany | Multicenter | 355 (237 vs 118) | 45 (32–57) vs 47 (28–60) | 30 days | Amphotericin B 5 mg/kg i.v. | Placebo | n.a. |
Epstein 2018 | US | Single center | 113 (58 vs 55) | 61 (32–75) vs 59 (26–74) | 12 weeks | Micafungin 100 mg i.v. daily | Posaconazole 400 mg, oral suspension, twice daily | n.a. |
Fisher 2019 | US | Multicenter | 510 (254 vs 256) | 10 (0–26) vs 9 (0–21) | n.r. | Caspofungin 70 mg/m2 i.v. per day | Fluconazole 6 mg or 12 mg/kg i.v. or oral once daily | n.a. |
Mandhaniya 2011 | India | Single center | 100 (50 vs 50) | 5.5 (1.5–15) vs 9 (2–15) | 7 days | Voriconazole 6 mg/kg/ to 4 mg/kg twice daily | Amphotericin B 0.5 mg/kg i.v thrice weekly | n.a. |
Mattiuzzi 2003 | US | Single -center | 137 (70 vs 67) | 64 (36–83) vs 57 (19–84) | 23.3–23.6 months | Amphotericin B 3 mg/kg i.v. per week | Fluconazole capsules 200 mg every 12 h | n.a. |
Mattiuzzi 2006 | US | Single center | 192 (86 vs 106) | 60 (17–82) vs 64 (22–82) | n.r. | Itraconazole 200 mg i.v. once daily | Caspofungin 50 mg i.v. once daily | n.a. |
Mattiuzzi 2011 | US | Single center | 123 (71 vs 52) | 59 (23–83) vs 60 (21–80) | n.r. | Voriconazole 400 mg every 12 h, followed by 300 mg i.v. twice daily | Itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 2 days, followed by 200 mg i.v. daily | n.a. |
Shen 2013 | China | Multicenter | 234 (117 vs 117) | 40 (17–61) vs 40 (15–68) | 100 days | Posaconazole 200 mg, oral suspension, thrice daily | Fluconazole 400 mg once daily | n.a. |
Vehreschild 2007 | Germany | Multicenter | 25 (10 vs 15) | 53 (18–73) vs 54 (26–71) | 28 days | Voriconazole 200 mg | Placebo | n.a. |
Winston 1993 | US | Multicenter | 256 (124 vs 132) | 42.5 (17–82) vs 44.4 (17–73) | 90 days | Fluconazole 400 mg once daily | Placebo twice daily | n.a. |
Chaftari 2012 | US | Single center | 40 (19 vs 21) | 56 (21–69) vs 55 (20–66) | 3 weeks | Amphotericin B 7.5 mg/kg once per week | Posaconazole 200 mg, oral suspension, thrice daily | n.a. |
Ellis 1995 | Germany | Single center | 41 (16 vs 25) | (26.2 ± 13.5) vs (23.6 ± 10.9) | 100 days | Fluconazole 8 mg/(kg · day), followed by 4 mg/(kg · day) i.v. | Amphotericin B 1 mg/(kg · day), followed by 0.5 mg/(kg · day) | n.a. |
Harousseau 2000 | Belgium | Multicenter | 557 (281 vs 276) | 48 (15–75) vs 49.5 (17–82) | 56 days | Itraconazole solution 2.5 mg/(kg · day) | Amphotericin B capsules 500 mg, 4 times/day | n.a. |
Laverdiere 2000 | Canada | Single center | 266 (135 vs 131) | 47.6 (18–80) vs 45 (17–77) | n.r. | Fluconazole 400 mg once daily | Placebo once daily | n.a. |
Oren 2006 | Israel | Single center | 195 (99 vs 96) | 49 (18–73) vs 50 (17–75) | 3 months | Fluconazole 400 mg i.v. or oral daily | Itraconazole 200 mg oral daily, twice daily or 200 mg i.v. daily | n.a. |
Rotstein 1999 | Canada | Single center | 274 (141 vs 133) | 47.6 (18–80) vs 45.2 (17–77 | n.r. | Fluconazole 400 mg/day | Placebo | n.a. |
Slavin 1995 | Australia | Single center | 300 (152 vs 148) | 6.5 (13–60) vs 36.2 (13–65) | 110 days | Fluconazole 400 mg/day | Placebo | n.a. |
Wingard 2010 | US | Multicenter | 600 (305 vs 295) | 43 (2.7–65.7) vs 43 (9–65) | 100 days | Voriconazole 200 mg twice daily | Fluconazole 400 mg per day | n.a. |
Annaloro 1995 | Italy | Single center | 59 (31 vs 28) | 30 (17–53) vs 38 (13–56) | n.r. | Itraconazole 400 mg per day | Fluconazole 300 mg per day | n.a. |
Chandrasekar 1994 | US | Single center | 46 (23 vs 23) | 39 (17–77) vs 37 (19–67) | 70 days | Fluconazole 400 mg per day | Placebo | n.a. |
Glasmacher 2006 | Germany | Multicenter | 494 (248 vs 246) | n.a. | n.r. | Itraconazole oral solution 5 mg/kg | Fluconazole oral solution 400 mg | n.a. |
Ito 2007 | Japan | Multicenter | 209 (103 vs 106) | 58 (16–80) vs 53 (16–80) | n.r. | Itraconazole oral capsules 200 mg/day | Fluconazole oral capsules 200 mg/day | n.a. |
Marks 2011 | UK | Multicenter | 489 (224 vs 231) | 43.3 (11–70) vs 42.3 (13–70) | 28 days | Voriconazole 6 mg i.v., followed by 200 mg | Itraconazole 200 mg, followed by solution 200 mg | n.a. |
Marr 2004 | US | Single center | 299 (148 vs 151) | n.a. | 23.3–23.6 months | Fluconazole 400 mg/day, oral or intravenous | Itraconazole oral solution 2.5 mg/kg, thrice daily or intravenous infusion 200 mg per day | n.a. |
Menichetti 1999 | Italy | Multicenter | 405 (201 vs 204) | 44 (17–79) vs 44 (17–75) | n.r. | Itraconazole, oral solution, 2.5 mg/kg, 2 times/day | Placebo | n.a. |
Nucci 2000 | Brazil | Multicenter | 210 (104 vs 106) | 25.5 (5–63) vs 30 (6–67) | 39 days | Itraconazole capsules 100 mg | Placebo | n.a. |
Schaffner 1995 | Switzerland | Single-center | 151 (75 vs 76) | 40 (17–71) vs 39 (17–67) | n.r. | Fluconazole oral capsule 400 mg | Placebo | n.a. |
Winston 2003 | US | Multicenter | 38 (71 vs 67) | 41 (14–63) vs 38 (17–61) | 180 days | Itraconazole 200 mg/12 h for 2 days i.v., followed by i.v. 200 mg/24 h or 200 mg oral solution/12 h | Fluconazole 400 mg intravenously or orally every 24 h | n.a. |
Yamac 1995 | Turkey | Single center | 70 (41 vs 29) | 49 (17–68) vs 50 (16–67) | n.r. | Fluconazole oral 400 mg | Placebo | n.a. |
Gloria 2012 | US | Single center | 112 (72 vs 40) | 60 (19–84) | 42 days | Amphotericin B 3 mg/kg thrice weekly or 9 mg/kg once weekly i.v. | Voriconazole 400 mg, twice daily, followed by 200 mg | n.a. |
Mike 2015 | UK | Multicenter | 355 (237 vs 118) | (44.5 ± 15.16) vs (44.8 ± 17.52) | n.r. | Amphotericin B 5 mg/kg, twice daily | Placebo | n.a. |
Karthaus 2000 | Germany | Single center | 51 (20 vs 31) | 42.5 (19–72) vs 46.0 (22–76) | n.r. | Amphotericin B 1 mg/kg i.v. over 4 h every 48 h | Placebo | n.a. |
Park 2000 | South Korea | Single center | 250 (165 vs 85) | 46 (20–63) vs 50 (20–64) | 100 days | Micafungin 50 mg/day i.v. as a 1-h infusion | Fluconazole oral 400 mg/day | n.a. |
Wolff 2000 | US | Multicenter | 355 (196 vs 159) | 43 (20–68) vs 42 (18–59) | n.r. | Fluconazole 400 mg/day oral or i.v. | Amphotericin B 0.2 mg/kg with a maximum dose of 20 mg i.v. per day | n.a. |