Table 1 Summary items of included studies in this meta-analysis
1st author (Ref.) | Year | Country | Cancer site | Sample size | Study duration | Study design | AAPR cutoff value | High | Low | Treatment strategy | Survival outcome | HR (95%CI) | Source (Via analysis) | Follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Li H [10] Training | 2020 | China | HCC | 149 | 2003–2014 | R | 0.38 by ROC | 72 | 77 | LT | OS | 1.98 (1.28–3.08) | Crude (U) | More than 60 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 1.71 (1.06–2.71) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.11 (0.69–1.76) | Estimated by Curve (U) |  | |
Li H [10] Validation | 2020 | China | HCC | 61 | 2003–2014 | R | 0.38 by ROC | 26 | 35 | LT | OS | 2.72 (1.29–5.75) | Estimated by Curve (U) | More than 60 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.80 (0.88–3.70) | Estimated by Curve (U) |  | |
Zeng X [11] | 2020 | China | NPC | 255 | 2014–2018 | R | 0.63 by ROC | 101 | 154 | Multiple modalities | OS | 1.57 (0.67–3.72) | Crude (U) | Median 33.5 (2.1–151.2) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.98 (0.94–4.14) | Crude (U) |  | |
Zhou S [12] | 2020 | China | SCLC | 224 | 2009–2018 | R | 0.35 (NR) | 171 | 53 | Chemotherapy | OS | 1.55 (1.07–2.25) | Crude (U) | Up to 90 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 1.65 (1.11–2.46) | Crude (M) |  | |
Li Q [13] | 2020 | China | HCC | 188 | 2010–2015 | R | 0.40 by X-tile | 94 | 94 | Curative resection | OS | 1.80 (1.30–2.52) | Estimated by Data (U) | Median 46.5 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.57 (1.21–2.04) | Estimated by Data (U) |  | |
Zhang C [14] | 2019 | China | CC | 230 | 2008–2014 | R | 0.68 by ROC | 89 | 141 | Curative resection | OS | 2.97 (1.23–7.19) | Crude (U) | Median 80 (12–137) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 3.02 (1.24–7.41) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 2.49 (1.15–5.41) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 2.58 (1.17–5.68) | Crude (M) |  | |
Xia A [15] Training | 2019 | China | RCC | 419 | 2004–2014 | R | 0.39 by ROC | 365 | 54 | Curative resection | OS | 3.00 (1.62–5.57) | Estimated by Data (U) | Median 50.0 (30.4–83) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 2.75 (1.27–5.95) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CSS | 2.43 (1.20–4.93) | Estimated by Data (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CSS | 3.04 (1.28–7.24) | Crude (M) |  | |
Xia A [15] Validation | 2019 | China | RCC | 204 | 2004–2014 | R | 0.39 by ROC | 179 | 25 | Curative resection | OS | 4.77 (2.16–10.52) | Estimated by Data (U) | Median 50.2 (29.8–83.1) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CSS | 4.48 (1.59–12.61) | Estimated by Data (U) |  | |
Li SJ [16] | 2019 | China | LC | 390 | 2013–2015 | P | 0.57 by ROC | 178 | 212 | Curative resection | OS | 4.76 (2.56–8.33) | Crude (U) | Median 50.0 (12–66) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 3.23 (1.67–6.25) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 2.17 (1.43–3.33) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.67 (1.06–2.63) | Crude (M) |  | |
Xiong JP [17] | 2019 | China | CCA | 303 | 2002–2014 | R | 0.41 by ROC | 253 | 50 | Multiple modalities | OS | 3.56 (1.28–9.92) | Crude (U) | Median 21 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 2.88 (1.19–5.78) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 2.52 (1.38–4.75) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 2.31 (1.40–3.29) | Crude (M) |  | |
Zhang L [18] | 2019 | China | NSCLC | 496 | 2006–2010 | R | 0.64 by ROC | 199 | 297 | Curative resection | OS | 2.15 (1.64–2.82) | Crude (U) | Median 47 (2–96) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 1.87 (1.22–2.74) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 2.18 (1.66–2.85) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.96 (1.30–2.96) | Crude (M) |  | |
Li D [19] | 2019 | China | NSCLC | 290 | 2007–2013 | R | 0.36 by ROC | 201 | 89 | Multiple modalities | OS | 1.70 (1.32–2.20) | Crude (U) | Median 16 (1–84) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 1.53 (1.17–1.98) | Crude (M) |  | |
Li X [20] | 2019 | China | SCLC | 122 | 2013–2015 | R | 0.61 by ROC | 37 | 85 | Chemoradiotherapy | OS | 1.69 (1.02–2.78) | Crude (U) | Up to 70 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | PFS | 1.61 (1.01–2.50) | Crude (U) |  | |
Long ZQ [21] | 2019 | China | BC | 746 | 2011–2013 | R | 0.525 by ROC | 621 | 125 | Curative resection | OS | 2.78 (1.45–5.23) | Crude (U) | More than 60 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 2.24 (1.02–4.88) | Crude (M) |  | |
Kim JS [22] | 2019 | Korea | NPC | 100 | 1998–2016 | R | 0.487 by ROC | 80 | 20 | Chemoradiotherapy | OS | 1.77 (0.74–4.24) | Crude (M) | Median 50.6 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | PFS | 1.40 (0.63–3.10) | Crude (M) |  | |
Tan P [23] | 2018 | China | UTUCs | 692 | 2003–2016 | R | 0.58 by ROC | 249 | 443 | Curative resection | OS | 1.82 (1.37–2.42) | Crude (U) | Median 42 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 1.59 (1.19–2.13) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.55 (1.20–2.00) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.34 (1.03–1.74) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CSS | 2.03 (1.46–2.80) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CSS | 1.75 (1.25–2.44) | Crude (M) |  | |
Chen ZH [24] Training | 2018 | China | HCC | 372 | 2009–2013 | R | 0.439 by ROC | 117 | 255 | TACE | OS | 1.26 (1.04–1.55) | Estimated by Curve (U) | More than 60 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 1.57 (1.16–2.12) | Crude (M) |  | |
Chen ZH [24] Validation 1 | 2018 | China | HCC | 202 | 2009–2013 | R | 0.439 by ROC | NR | NR | Supportive care | OS | 2.14 (1.17–3.90) | Crude (M) | More than 60 |
Chen ZH [24] Validation 2 | 2018 | China | HCC | 82 | 2013–2014 | R | 0.439 by ROC | NR | NR | TACE | OS | 2.87 (1.25–6.29) | Crude (M) | More than 60 |
Pu N [25] Training | 2017 | China | PDAC | 220 | 2007–2016 | R | 0.46 by ROC | 98 | 122 | Curative resection | OS | 1.82 (1.34–2.47) | Crude (U) | Median 15 (1–105) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 2.09 (1.27–3.42) | Crude (M) |  | |
Pu N [25] Validation | 2017 | China | PDAC | 134 | 2007–2016 | R | 0.46 by ROC | 35 | 99 | Curative resection | OS | 2.16 (1.35–3.43) | Crude (U) | Median 15 (1–105) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 2.18 (1.04–4.53) | Crude (M) |  | |
Nie M [26] | 2017 | China | NPC | 209 | 2008–2011 | R | 0.447 by ROC | 142 | 67 | Chemotherapy | OS | 2.87 (1.97–4.17) | Crude (U) | Median 16.6 (1–66.6) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 3.27 (1.71–6.25) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | PFS | 1.76 (1.27–2.42) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | PFS | 2.30 (1.22–4.33) | Crude (M) |  | |
Chan AW [9] Training | 2015 | HongKong | HCC | 217 | 2001–2006 | R | 0.23 by ROC | 199 | 18 | Curative resection | OS | 3.35 (1.97–5.70) | Crude (U) | Median 44.5 (0.1–160.7) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | OS | 2.36 (1.35–4.10) | Crude (M) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 2.46 (1.55–3.92) | Crude (U) |  | |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.85 (1.16–2.96) | Crude (M) |  | |
Chan AW [9] Validation 2 | 2015 | HongKong | HCC | 425 | 2007–2011 | R | 0.23 by ROC | 200 | 225 | Palliative treatment | OS | 2.19 (1.78–2.68) | Crude (M) | Median 5.3 (0.1–62.6) |
Chan AW [9] Validation 1 | 2015 | HongKong | HCC | 256 | 2006–2011 | R | 0.23 by ROC | 241 | 14 | Curative resection | OS | 1.93 (1.06–3.50) | Crude (M) | Median 38.9 (0.1–95.4) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DFS | 1.58 (1.01–2.46) | Crude (M) |  |