Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included CRT patients

 Age

61.67 ± 11.73

62.89 ± 11.04

60.67 ± 12.19

0.02

 Male

431 (72.32%)

175 (65.30%)

256 (78.05%)

< 0.01

 Ischemic etiology

54 (9.06%)

16 (5.97%)

38 (11.59%)

0.03

 Hypertension

241 (40.44%)

118 (44.03%)

123 (37.50%)

0.13

 Diabetes mellitus

110 (18.46%)

55 (20.52%)

55 (16.77%)

0.29

 Atrial fibrillation

121 (20.30%)

47 (17.54%)

74 (22.56%)

0.16

 Prior CIED implantation

46 (7.72%)

16 (5.97%)

30 (9.15%)

0.20

 History of SCD

67 (11.24%)

24 (8.96%)

43 (13.11%)

0.14

 History of PCI

41 (6.88%)

10 (3.73%)

31 (9.45%)

< 0.01

 History of CABG

6 (1.01%)

0 (0.00%)

6 (1.83%)

0.04

 NYHA class

2.80 ± 0.67

2.75 ± 0.66

2.84 ± 0.68

0.11

 Weight (kg)

66.32 ± 12.22

65.78 ± 12.11

66.78 ± 12.31

0.36

 SBP (mmHg)

117.40 ± 18.28

119.93 ± 19.38

115.31 ± 17.07

< 0.01

 DBP (mmHg)

73.81 ± 10.37

74.35 ± 10.59

73.36 ± 10.17

0.25

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

133.46 ± 17.22

132.91 ± 16.96

133.92 ± 17.44

0.48

 Lymphocytes (%)

27.19 ± 9.43

28.05 ± 9.50

26.48 ± 9.33

0.04

 RDW-CV (%)

13.82 ± 2.51

13.59 ± 3.14

14.00 ± 1.82

0.06

 RDW-SD (fL)

46.48 ± 17.40

44.76 ± 4.94

47.88 ± 22.95

0.02

 Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

16.42 ± 10.62

14.82 ± 9.58

17.73 ± 11.25

< 0.01

 Combined bilirubin (μmol/L)

7.18 ± 6.73

6.17 ± 6.03

8.01 ± 7.16

< 0.01

 Albumin (g/L)

40.40 ± 5.02

40.91 ± 5.45

39.97 ± 4.59

0.03

 Alanine transaminase (U/L)

28.43 ± 34.30

24.61 ± 18.52

31.58 ± 42.94

< 0.01

 Aspartate transaminase (U/L)

26.97 ± 23.23

23.91 ± 11.60

29.49 ± 29.34

< 0.01

 Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

7.79 ± 3.61

7.50 ± 3.49

8.02 ± 3.70

0.05

 Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

93.48 ± 33.25

90.76 ± 30.98

95.74 ± 34.90

0.07

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

74.82 ± 24.36

75.21 ± 22.38

74.50 ± 25.92

0.72

 Serum uric acid (μmol/L)

447.64 ± 133.83

427.14 ± 126.73

464.59 ± 137.33

< 0.01

 Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.87 ± 2.07

6.01 ± 2.28

5.75 ± 1.87

0.14

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.13 ± 1.00

4.14 ± 1.00

4.13 ± 1.00

0.91

 Sodium (mmol/L)

140.30 ± 3.97

140.72 ± 3.95

139.96 ± 3.95

0.02

 Creatine kinase (U/L)

84.18 ± 88.84

80.40 ± 59.78

87.34 ± 107.25

0.34

 Creatine kinase-MB (U/L)

12.43 ± 4.97

12.33 ± 4.51

12.50 ± 5.33

0.68

 C-reactive protein (mg/L)

8.19 ± 16.46

7.19 ± 15.84

8.91 ± 16.90

0.27

 Hemoglobin A1c (%)

6.34 ± 1.13

6.36 ± 1.22

6.32 ± 1.05

0.71

 cTnT (ng/ml)

0.06 ± 0.14

0.06 ± 0.15

0.06 ± 0.12

0.60

 NT-proBNP (pg/ml)

3867.71 ± 4795.63

3049.77 ± 3734.94

4521.55 ± 5415.93

< 0.01

 Free triiodothyronine (pmol/L)

4.09 ± 0.83

4.17 ± 0.78

4.02 ± 0.86

0.04

 Free thyroxine (pmol/L)

17.97 ± 3.48

17.46 ± 3.17

18.40 ± 3.67

< 0.01

 TSH (uIU/ml)

3.62 ± 5.44

3.12 ± 3.22

4.03 ± 6.72

0.04

 Atrial fibrillation

109 (18.29%)

43 (16.04%)

66 (20.12%)

0.24

 QRS morphology

< 0.01

 LBBB

391 (65.60%)

213 (79.48%)

178 (54.27%)

 RBBB

40 (6.71%)

5 (1.87%)

35 (10.67%)

 IVCD

133 (22.32%)

38 (14.18%)

95 (28.96%)

 Paced

30 (5.03%)

11 (4.10%)

19 (5.79%)

 QRS duration (ms)

163.95 ± 23.94

166.17 ± 21.66

162.14 ± 25.54

0.04

 RR interval (ms)

847.10 ± 202.88

826.47 ± 189.64

863.88 ± 211.84

0.02

 Corrected QT interval (ms)

488.54 ± 46.90

495.35 ± 47.49

483.00 ± 45.75

< 0.01

 LAD (mm)

49.54 ± 8.42

47.09 ± 7.84

51.53 ± 8.37

< 0.01

 LVEDD (mm)

69.37 ± 10.01

67.40 ± 8.61

70.99 ± 10.76

< 0.01

 LVESD (mm)

58.36 ± 10.17

55.96 ± 9.25

60.32 ± 10.48

< 0.01

 IVS (mm)

9.33 ± 2.01

9.33 ± 1.85

9.32 ± 2.14

0.95

 LVPW (mm)

9.30 ± 1.68

9.33 ± 1.62

9.28 ± 1.73

0.72

 PAP (mmHg)

42.51 ± 15.34

39.95 ± 13.30

44.58 ± 16.54

< 0.01

 LVEF (%)

31.51 ± 7.25

31.22 ± 6.68

31.75 ± 7.68

0.37

 MR

2.50 ± 0.93

2.38 ± 0.96

2.61 ± 0.89

< 0.01

 TR

1.69 ± 0.96

1.56 ± 0.87

1.80 ± 1.03

< 0.01

 Diuretics

525 (88.09%)

230 (85.82%)

295 (89.94%)

0.16

 ACEI

354 (59.40%)

158 (58.96%)

196 (59.76%)

0.91

 ARB

176 (29.53%)

86 (32.09%)

90 (27.44%)

0.18

 ARNI

2 (0.34%)

1 (0.37%)

1 (0.30%)

1.00

 β-blocker

530 (88.93%)

240 (89.55%)

290 (88.41%)

0.76

 Spironolactone

536 (89.93%)

245 (91.42%)

291 (88.72%)

0.34

 Ivabradine

99 (16.61%)

50 (18.66%)

49 (14.94%)

0.27

 Digoxin

153 (25.67%)

53 (19.78%)

100 (30.49%)

< 0.01

 Amiodarone

103 (17.28%)

27 (10.07%)

76 (23.17%)

< 0.01

 Statin

155 (26.01%)

70 (26.12%)

85 (25.91%)

1.00

 Warfarin

77 (12.92%)

30 (11.19%)

47 (14.33%)

0.31