Pro-cathepsin D as a diagnostic marker in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion: a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Results of univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of clinical factors associated with the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion

	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.014	1.01 (0.96–1.05)	0.736
Male sex	1.08 (0.37–3.11)	0.888	1.00 (0.23–4.29)	0.997
Glucose, pleural fluid	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	0.133	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.978
Adenosine deaminase, pleural fluid	0.96 (0.93–0.98)	0.001	0.95 (0.92–0.99)	0.006
Pro-cathepsin D, pleural fluid^a	4.86 (1.46–16.15)	0.010	7.92 (1.81–34.64)	0.006

The multivariable analysis was adjusted for the age, sex, and pleural fluid glucose, adenosine deaminase, and pro-cathepsin D levels (cases suggested as malignant pleural effusion by the cut-off value of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D versus those suggested as benign pleural effusion)
^aThe optimal cut-off value for discriminating malignant from benign pleural effusion was 0.596 pg/mL of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D
OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval

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