Outcome | Measurement used | Measurement description | Psychometric properties |
---|---|---|---|
Primary outcome | |||
Empowerment | Empowerment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer | 30 items and 3 factors. Factors include ‘intrapersonal factor’ (14 items), ‘interactional factor’ (8 items), and ‘behavioral factor’ (8 items). 5-point Likert scale. High score indicates higher empowerment. | Goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate as shown by χ2/df = 1.86, TLI = 0.90, CFI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.06, and RMSEA = 0.05. Criterion validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire 0.78. Cronbach’s alpha for total items was 0.93, and test-retest reliability was 0.69 [29]. |
Secondary outcomes | |||
Self-efficacy | Korean version of the Cancer Survivors’ Self-Efficacy Scale | 10 items and 2 factors. Factors include ‘Self-efficacy for managing health problems’ (5 items) and ‘self-efficacy for seeking help and support’ (5 items). 10-point Likert scale. Higher score indicates higher self-efficacy. | Construct validity was evaluated with general self-efficacy (0.511), anxiety (−0.596), depression (− 0.554) and health-related quality of life (0.586). Cronbach’s alpha of total scale and subscales was 0.86–0.92 [30]. |
mental adjustment | The Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer | 29 item and 4 factors. Factors include Helpless-Hopeless (HH), Anxious Preoccupation (AP) Positive Attitude (PA), Cognitive Avoidance (CA), and Fighting Spirit (FS). | Construct validity was evaluated with each of anxiety and depression subscales of HADS, AP (0.63, and 0.58), HH (0.54, and 0.59), FS (−0.30, and − 0.37), and PA (− 0.19, and − 0.23). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.50–0.86 and test–retest reliability was 0.68–0.88 [32]. |
Anxiety and depression | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | 14 item and 2 subscales. Subscales are ‘an anxiety (HADS-A)’ and ‘a depression (HADS-D)’. 4-point Likert scale. Higher score indicates greater anxiety or depression. | Construct validity of HADS-D was evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory 0.80, and HADS-A with Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was 0.79. Items of the HADS-A and corrected item total score was 0.55 and HADS-D was 0.47. Cronbach’s alpha for total items was 0.89 and 0.86 [35]. |
HRQOL | 36-Item Short-Form Survey | 36 items, 8 subscales and 2 domains. Domains include ‘physical component’ and ‘mental component’. Each subscale is scored 0 to 100. Higher score indicates better functioning and well-being. | The SF-36 has been validated in South Korea. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.89 for physical component, 0.87 for mental component, and 0.93 for total score [37]. |