Implementation of a nurse-led self-management support intervention for patients with cancer-related pain: a cluster randomized phase-IV study with a stepped wedge design (EvANtiPain)

Table 3 Effect sizes of primary and secondary endpoints (intention to treat approach)

Outcome	Cohen’s d T1	Cohen’s d^a T2	Cohen’s d T3
Pain interference with daily activities^b	.12	−.21	−.29
Pain interference with daily activities wards with IG^b	−.21	−.59	−.54
Average pain^b	.26	−.04	−.11
Average pain wards with IG^b	.02	−.27	−.32
Maximum pain^b	.12	−.02	−.05
Maximum pain wards with IG^b	.08	−.26	−.23
Barriers towards pain management (BQII-G12)^b	−.30	−.34	−.46
Barriers towards pain management with IG^b	−.33	−.31	−.55
Pain-related self-efficacy (FESS)^c	.25	.17	.53
Pain-related self-efficacy wards with IG^c	.57	.48	.72
EORTC health status generic question^c	.16	.26	.37
EORTC health status generic question with IG^c	.18	.28	.48
EORTC health-related quality of life generic question^c	.32	.20	.27
EORTC health-related quality of life generic question with IG^c	.47	.24	.48
Patient satisfaction with pain self-management support^c	.61	nm	nm
Patient satisfaction with pain self-management support wards with IG^c	.65	nm	nm
Patient satisfaction with pain management^c	.46	nm	nm
Patient satisfaction with pain management wards with IG^c	.62	nm	nm

T1: 2 weeks after discharge; T2: 4 weeks after discharge (primary endpoint printed bold); T3: 8 weeks after discharge; IG: Intervention group; wards with IG: Ward 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 17; nm: not measured;
^aCohen’s d: .2 < d < .5 small effect, .5 ≤ d < .8 moderate effect, d ≥ .8 large effect; ^b Reduction (negative d) desired; ^c Rise (positive d) desired;

ISSN: 1471-2407