Fig. 3
From: Therapeutic implications of PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer with squamous differentiation
SD-BLCA index patient treated with nivolumab in a second line therapy. aUpper: History time line of index patient illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic management over 140 months since first diagnosis. Below: CT images of the index patient show pulmonary metastasis size (white arrow) at different therapy time points. b Immunohistochemical PD-L1 staining of primary tumour lesions of the index patients derived from tissues removed before and after nivolumab treatment is shown. Squamous components are histologically shown by H&E staining and highlighted by K5/6 staining. PD-L1 expression was determined in both tumour cells (TC) and immune cells (IC) by using four different antibodies: DAKO 28–8, DAKO 22C3, Ventana SP263 and Ventana SP142. Black scale bar: 100 μM.HG: high grade; pT: pathological tumour stage; L: invasion into lymphatic vessels; V: invasion into vein; R: the completeness of the operation; pN: pathological degree of spread to regional lymph nodes; cM: clinical metastasis; CR: complete response, PD: progressive disease; Cx: cystectomy; TUR-B: transurethral resection of the bladder; m: months