Fig. 5

Comparison of the relative expression levels of the SOD1 (a), SOD2 (b) and CAT (c) genes between the untreated Caco-2 and Ishikawa cells. The columns represent the relative expression levels of the genes using TaqMan qPCR. Data are mean ± SEM (N = 3 separate experiments); p values comparing the Caco-2 and Ishikawa cells were calculated using two-tailed t-test; *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. Gene expression level changes in the Caco-2 (d-f) and Ishikawa (g-i) cells upon treatments at 24 h. The columns represent the fold changes of the relative expression levels of the genes normalised against the untreated controls. Data are mean ± SEM (N = 3 separate experiments); p values comparing treated and untreated cells were calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison post-hoc analysis; ns, not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001