Fig. 2

Comparison of Caco-2 (a) and Ishikawa (b) cell viability upon treatments with CDDP and DQA at their IC50 concentrations, and a combination of ½ IC50 of both drugs at 24 h. The columns represent cell viability under various treatment conditions normalised against the untreated controls. Data are mean ± SEM (N = 3 separate experiments); p values comparing single and combined treatments were calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison post-hoc analysis; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. c Comparison between the CDDP IC50 (499.5 μM) in single drug treatment and the new CDDP IC50 (384 μM) in combination with ½ DQA IC50 in the Caco-2 cells. d Comparison between the CDDP IC50 (84.9 μM) in single drug treatment and the new CDDP IC50 (21.8 μM) in combination with ½ DQA IC50 in the Ishikawa cells. Data are mean ± SEM (N = 3 separate experiments); p values comparing single and combined treatments were calculated using a two-tailed t-test; **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001